- Thomson (unit) , a unit for mass-to-charge ratio, symbol:
- Thomson SA , formerly known as Thomson Multimedia, a French electronics manufacturer and media services provider
- Thomson-CSF , former name for the company Thales Group
- The Thomson Corporation , a large worldwide Canadian-based information services company providing value-added information, software tools and applications to professionals in the fields of law, tax, accounting, financial services, scientific research and healthcare
- Thomson Local , the UK business directory published by Thomson Directories .
- Thomson Effect , named for William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, which is the heating or cooling of a current-carrying conductor when a temperature gradient is present
- Various businesses of TUI AG :
- --- Thomson Holidays , a UK based travel company founded by the Thomson Corporation in 1965. Now a subsidiary of TUI UK.
- --- Thomsonfly , a UK airline, part of TUI AG, formerly Britannia Airways
- Thomson, Georgia , a U.S. city
- Thomson River, Queensland
- Thomson, Singapore , an estate in Singapore
- David And Mary Thomson C.I. , a high school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Several notable people have borne the names or '''Thompson''', including:
- Charles Thompson :
- --- Charles Peck Thompson (1843–1927), Pony Express rider
- --- Charles W. Thompson (1860–1904), U.S. congressman from Alabama
- --- Charles James Thompson (1862–1932), U.S. Congressman from Ohio
- --- Charles Hubbard Thompson (1891–1964), American ragtime musician
- --- Charles Thompson (Jazz) (b. 1918), American swing musician also known as "Sir Charles"
- --- Charles S. Thompson , Hollywood art designer
- --- Chuck Thompson (1921–2005), American sportscaster
- --- Charles Thompson IV, the birthname of musician Frank Black of the Pixies
- --- Charles Thomson , secretary of the Continental Congress
- --- Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham (1799–1841), the first Governor of the united Province of Canada.
- --- Charles Wyville Thomson (1830–1882), professor of zoology and chief scientist on the Challenger expedition
- --- Charles Thomson (artist) , (b. 1953), British artist, painter and poet
- Cyndi Thomson , an American country music singer from the early 2000s
- David Thomson (film Critic) , Anglo-American writer and film critic
- Donald Fergusson Thomson (1901–1970), Australian anthropologist and ornithologist
- Earl Thomson (1895–1971), Canadian Olympic athlete
- Edward Thomson , a Bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church
- Edward Thomson (disambiguation)
- Elihu Thomson (1853–1937), English engineer, founder of what became the French firm Thomson SA
- George Thomson (1757–1821), Scottish music collector and a friend of Robert Burns
- George Paget Thomson (1892–1975), English physicist who worked on the wave nature of the Electron
- J. M. Archer Thomson (1863–1913) British rock-climber and mountaineer
- James Thomson :
- --- James Thomson (Seasons) (1700–1748), poet of the eighteenth century, author of ''The Seasons''
- --- James Thomson (B.V.) (1834–1882), poet of the nineteenth century, author of ''The City of Dreadful Night''
- --- James Thomson (cell Biologist) , stem cell researcher
- --- James Thomson (engineer) , brother of William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
- --- James Thomson (Pittsburgh Mayor) , 19th century political figure
- --- James Alexander Kerr Thomson (1879 - 1959), British classical scholar
- John Thomson :
- --- John Edgar Thomson (1808–1874), American civil engineer, railroad executive and industrialist
- --- John Thomson (actor) (b. 1969), a British actor and impressionist
- --- John Thomson (pitcher) (b. 1973), American baseball player
- --- John Thomson (footballer) (1909–1931), former Celtic F.C. footballer
- --- John Thomson (politician) (1780–1852), US Congressman from Ohio
- --- John Thomson (photographer) , a nineteenth century Scottish photographer
- --- John Thomson (Australian Politician)
- --- John Thomson (RAF) , one of the senior officers of the Royal Air Force
- --- John Thomson (engineer) surveyed the Leiper Railroad and father of John Edgar Thomson (above)
- --- John Thomson (physician) (1808–1884), a physician in New Brunswick, Canada
- ---Rev. John Thomson (minister) , minister in Sutherland, Scotland who was responsible for recording the works of the poet Rob Donn
- --- John Renshaw Thomson (1800–1862), US Senator from New Jersey
- Sir Joseph John Thomson (J. J. Thomson, 1856–1940), English physicist who discovered the electron
- Judith Jarvis Thomson , moral philosopher
- Kelvin Thomson , Australian politician
- Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson Of Fleet (1923–2006)
- Matthew Thomson , Smallbore rifle champion
- Michael Thomson , Manitoba judge
- Peter Nesbitt Thomson (b. 1927), Canadian businessman
- Robert Thomson (inventor) (1822–1873), Scottish inventor
- Robert James Thomson , Australian journalist
- Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson Of Fleet (1894–1976), Canadian newspaper and media entrepreneur, linked to The Thomson Corporation
- Roy Hendry Thomson , an eminent Aberdonian
- Tom Thomson (1877–1917), Canadian artist
- Tracey Thomson (b. 19 ) American TV writer
- Tracey Thomson (b. 1982) New Zealander
- Vernon Wallace Thomson (1905–1988), American politician
- Virgil Thomson (1896–1989), American composer
- William Thomson :
- --- William Thomson (archbishop) (1819–1890), former Archbishop of York
- --- William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), Irish physicist
- --- William John Thomson , Scottish portrait miniature artist.
- ---Sir William Thomson (Solicitor General) , Solicitor General for England and Wales 1717-1720
- --- William Thomson (musicologist) , Scottish folk song collector
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