| The Internationale |
Article Index for The Internationale |
Articles about The Internationale |
Website Links For Internationale |
Information AboutThe Internationale |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT THE INTERNATIONALE | |
| anarchism | |
| communist party of the soviet union | |
| national anthems | |
| political party songs | |
| socialism | |
| labour party uk | |
| songs of the spanish civil war | |
|
The ''Internationale'' became the anthem of international , the traditional workers' pronunciation is not an imitation of the French , but rather (rhyming with "alley" or "valley"). ''The Internationale'' is sung not only by Communist s but also (in many countries) by socialists or social democrats. It was also a rallying song of the students and workers at the Tiananmen Square Protests Of 1989 . The Original French Words were written in 1870 by Eugène Pottier ( 1816 – 1887 , later a member of the Paris Commune ) and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of '' La Marseillaise ''. Pierre Degeyter ( 1848 – 1932 ) set the poem to music in 1888 and his melody became widely used soon after. The Russian Version was initially translated by Aron Kots ( Arkady Yakovlevich Kots ) in 1902 and printed in London in '' Zhizn '', a Russian émigré magazine. The first Russian version consisted of three Stanza s (as opposed to six stanzas in the original French lyrics) and the refrain. Later it was expanded and reworded. In 1944 the Soviet Union adopted the '' Hymn Of The Soviet Union '' as its National Anthem . Prior to that time, the Internationale served as the principal musical expression of allegiance to the ideals of the October Revolution and the Soviet Union . (The ''Internationale'' continued to be recognized as the official song of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.) In many European countries, the song was illegal around the beginning of the 20th century because of its communist image and government-undermining lyrics. In Sweden the fifth stanza was censored during the Second World War . The words ''"They will soon know our bullets / Are for our own generals"'' were not well liked when they needed people to focus on the war effort. (Removed for no source) > In Kerala State of India the song was translated in the 1950s by the legendary actor and social activist Premji for the united Communist Party Of India . In the 1980s, more translations appeared, done by Sachidanandan, Mokeri Ramachandran and an unknown translator. The first two were sung by the activists of Janakeeya Samskarikavedi , an organisation connected with CPI(ML) , and the third one was for the activists of Students Federation Of India or SFI , the student organisation associated with CPI(M) . In George Orwell 's '' Animal Farm '', it is Parodied by '' Beasts Of England ''. In the movie '' Air Force One '' it is sung by Russian prisoners as the radical General Ivan Radek is released from prison. In the movie '' Reds '', the song accompanies the October Revolution montage right before the intermission break. COPYRIGHT STATUS The music of the ''Internationale'' may be Copyright ed in France until 2014. While the duration of copyright in France is 70 years following the death of the author, it was extended for about 5 years and 8.5 years to compensate for the First World War and the Second World War respectively; however, whether these clauses apply is a matter of current litigation. Chapter III of Title II of Book I of the Intellectual Property Code of France and its French version . In 2005, a movie producer was asked to pay €1000 for the use of the song by the corporation administering the authors' rights.See Report . However, as the Internationale music was published in the late 19th century (before 1 July 1909 ) outside the U.S., it is in the public domain in the U.S. Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States The original French lyrics are in the public domain as their author Eugène Pottier died in 1887. Translated lyrics may or may not be copyrighted depending on when and where they are made. ORIGINAL FRENCH LYRICS RUSSIAN LYRICS ENGLISH LYRICS The traditional British version of The Internationale is usually sung in 3 verses, while the American version, authored by Charles Hope Kerr , is sung in two. {Link without Title} The American version is sometimes sung with the phrase "the internationale", "the international soviet", or "the international union" in place of "the international working class". The English versions are known to be notoriously difficult to sing, as the lyrics are sometimes forced and unnatural. British musician .
...many hundreds of people (not only students) appeared on the street. They ran after the trucks and shouted protest slogans. A few stones were thrown. The soldiers opened fire with live ammunition. The crowd threw themselves on the ground, but quickly followed the convoy again. The more shots were fired, the more the crowd got determined and outraged. Suddenly they started singing the Internationale; they armed themselves with stones and threw them towards the soldiers. There were also a few Molotov cocktails and the last truck was set on fire.'' Amnesty International '', 30 August, 1989. ''Preliminary Findings on Killings of Unarmed Civilians, Arbitrary Arrests and Summary Executions Since 3 June 1989'', p.19 In addition to the Mandarin version, the Internationale also has {Link without Title} versions, occasionally used in Hong Kong and Taiwan, but the word "Internationale" is not translated in either version. In the Mandarin version, the word "Internationale" is transliterated into Chinese characters but without a definite article as Chinese language does not normally use it as English does. SEE ALSO
REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
|
|
|