Information AboutSuperstructure |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT SUPERSTRUCTURE | |
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A superstructure is an extension of an existing structure or baseline. This term is applied to both physical structures (e.g buildings and ships) or to conceptual structures (social science). The word itself is a combination of ''super'' ( Latin for ''above, in addition'') and ''structure'' (also from Latin meaning ''to build, to heap up''). ENGINEERING CONCEPT In Engineering , superstructure refers to parts of a construction that project above a baseline: in building works, above the foundations, in shipbuilding, above the main deck. Ships ferry ''Pride of Burgundy''. This is a good example of a ship with superstructure. The structure that houses the promenade decks stretches across the full breadth of the vessel.]] As stated above, superstructure is material which projects above the main deck. However, the term ''superstructure'' should be used carefully, as this only applies to structure which stretches for the full breadth of the vessel; otherwise the structure is known as a ''deck house.'' Superstructure can have many implications on ships, as it can greatly alter its structural rigidity and a vessel’s displacement, which can be detrimental to a ship’s performance if considered incorrectly. The superstructure on a vessel also affects the amount of Freeboard that a vessel requires. Very broadly, the more superstructure a ship has (as a fraction of length), the less Freeboard is needed. MATHEMATICAL CONCEPT In Mathematics , the superstructure over a set ''S'' is used in one of the approaches to Non-standard Analysis . The notion is also used in the construction of a Universal Set . COMPUTER SCIENCE CONCEPT In language. C++ programming can include all Function s, of the ANSI C Language, and for that reason, C++ is a hybrid computer programming language. In addition, C++ introduces the concept of object oriented programming as a superstructure. SOCIAL SCIENCES CONCEPT In Social Sciences , superstructure is the set of socio-psychological Feedback Loop s that maintain a coherent and meaningful Structure in a given Society , or part thereof. It can include the Culture , institutions, power structures, Role s, and Ritual s of the society. It is that which, through Conditioned Behavior s (both interpersonal and situational), enforces a set of constraints and guidelines on human activity in a stable and effective fashion, such that it engenders a society's characteristic organization, and it is that characteristic organization itself. By most sociological schema, superstructure does not refer to the specific materials of an organization, such as a school or a store, but rather to the set of Psychological or Semantic configurations whereby that structure is rationalized and reproduced in human experience. That is, it is the "invisible force" behind or within the structure, or perhaps, it is the anthropocentric "reason" for the structure. According to one sociological perspective, superstructure may be revealed by examining the direct interpersonal engagements that take place within canonical (typical) settings or situations, through the hermeneutic of Sociobiology . MARXIST CONCEPT Within Marxist social theory, superstructure is the particular form through which human subjectivity engages with the material substance of society. The form is to an extent objective and to an extent subjective. The relationship between superstructure and base is considered to be a Dialectical one, not a distinction between actual entities "in the world". Marx himself introduces the concept in the 1859 ''Preface to A Contribution To The Critique Of Political Economy ''. The relevant passage is reproduced here:
According to Richard Middleton (1990), in Antonio Gramsci 's conception or theory superstructural elements (cultural elements), what Middleton calls instances of practice, related to (and not predetermined by) economic elements through a process of Articulation . SEE ALSO
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