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Spatial multiplexing is a transmission technique in MIMO Wireless Communication to transmit independent and separately encoded data signals, so called ''streams'', from each of the multiple transmit antennas. Therefore, the space dimension is reused, or Multiplex ed, more than one time.

If the transmitter is equipped with N_t antennas and the receiver has N_r antennas, the maximum spatial multiplexing order (the number of streams) is

:\mathbf{N_s}=\min(N_t,N_r)

if a linear receiver is used. This means that N_s streams can be transmitted in parallel, leading to a N_s increase of the Spectral Efficiency (the number of bits per second and per Hz that can be transmitted over the wireless channel).

ENCODING


Open-loop approach


In an open-loop MIMO system with N_t transmitter antennas and N_r receiver antennas, the input-output relationship can be described as
:\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{Hx}+\mathbf{n}
where \mathbf{x} = x_2, \ldots, x_{N_t} ^T is the N_t imes 1 vector of transmitted symbols, \mathbf{y,n} are the N_r imes 1 vectors of received symbols and noise respectively and \mathbf{H} is the N_r imes N_t matrix of channel coefficients.


Closed-loop approach


In a closed-loop MIMO system the input-output relationship with a closed-loop approach can be described as
:\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{HWs}+\mathbf{n}
where \mathbf{s} = s_2, \ldots, s_{N_s} ^T is the N_s imes 1 vector of transmitted symbols, \mathbf{y,n} are the N_r imes 1 vectors of received symbols and noise respectively, \mathbf{H} is the N_r imes N_t matrix of channel coefficients and \mathbf{W} is the N_t imes N_s linear Precoding matrix.

A precoding matrix \mathbf{W} is used to precode the symbols in the vector to enhance the performance. The column dimension N_s of \mathbf{W} can be selected smaller than N_t which is useful if the system requires N_s (
eq N_t) streams because of several reasons. Examples of the reasons are as follows: either the rank of the MIMO channel or the number of receiver antennas is smaller than the number of transmit antennas.


HISTORY

  • Single-user MIMO

  • --- Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (BLAST) , Gerard. J. Foschini (1996)

  • --- Per Antenna Rate Control (PARC), Varanasi, Guess (1998), Chung, Huang, Lozano (2001)

  • --- Selective Per Antenna Rate Control (SPARC), Ericsson (2004)

  • Multi-user MIMO : Samsung, Qualcomm, Ericsson, TI, Huawei, Philipse, Lucent-Alcatal, Freescale, et al.

  • --- PU2RC allows the network to allocate each antenna to the different user which is not considered in single-user MIMO scheduling. Instead of a physical antenna, the network can transmit a user date through an codebook based spatial beam, i.e., a virtual antenna. The effieicnet user scheduling such as pairing spatially distinguishble users with codebook based spatial beams are additionally used for the simplification of wireless networks in terms of additionally required wireless resource and complex protocol modification.

  • Enhanced multiuser MIMO

  • --- Employ advanced decoding techniques

  • --- Employ advanced precoding techniques



SEE ALSO