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Spanish-american War




  caption ''Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill''<br>by Frederic Remington
  date April 25 &ndash August 12 , 1898
  place Caribbean and Pacific
  casus Cuban War Of Independence <br> Sinking Of The USS ''Maine'' <br> De Lôme Letter <br> Philippine Revolution
  result , Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States for $20 million<br>Start of the Philippine-American War
  combatant1 United States <br> Republic Of Cuba <br> Philippine Republic
  combatant2 Spain
  commander1 Nelson A Miles <br> William R Shafter <br> George Dewey <br> Máximo Gómez <br> Emilio Aguinaldo
  commander2 Patricio Montojo <br> Pascual Cervera <br> Arsenio Linares <br> Ramón Blanco
  casualties1 3,289 US dead (432 from combat) considerably higher although undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualtiesroughly 20,000 dead
  casualties2 40,000 deadMcCook (1899 pp 417-442) who examined each known grave lists each of about 938 dead in his “Index of the Fallen” and mentions 1,415 treated at Siboney Hospital after the battle of San Juan Hill, which would include the numbers killed in the action around fort Canosa (Daley 2000) McCook mentions that very few died of wounds (these are included in the Index) once they reached this hospital This differs from more official US figures: 385 killed in action 1,662 wounded and 2,061 dead from other causes [http://wwwcwclsuedu/cwc/other/stats/warcosthtm] Patrick McSherry lists for all theaters 332 combat deaths, 1,641 wounded, other causes of death 2,957, for a total of 3,549 US deaths [http://wwwspanamwarcom/casualtieshtm] Although these figures differ in proportions, the sum of US battle casualties in Cuba are congruent at about 2,200 McSherry lists 21 US Military killed in Philippines and Puerto Rico is about the same approximately 2,000 plus 260 sailors dead in the Maine explosion The number of Spanish dead in and around Cuba including sailors is hard to estimate: “One century after the war experts still do not a clear idea about the Spanish casualties in the Spanish American War” McSherry estimates 5,000&ndash6,000 battle losses between 1895 and 1898 in campaigns against Cuban insurgents Cuban forces, especially Supreme Cuban commander for precise losses for each engagement


  The Historical Backdrop For The War Was The Growing Cuban Strugle For Independence From "Spain]" class="copylinks" target="_blank">that had been simmering off and on for over thirty years and which had captured the American imagination American newspapers had been agitating for intervention with sensational stories of Spanish attrocities against the native Cuban population even though Spain had removed the general behind the harsh policies that had displaced thousands of Cubans in the countryside and had, as in most insurrections, placed them squarely in the crosshairs between 30,000 Spanish troops and the ''insurectos'', or Cubans fighting for independence When a riot broke out in Havana over the destruction of the printing presses of four local newspapers for publishing articles critical of Spanish Army attrocities, the US Consul-General, son of [Robert E Lee , and former Civil WarCivil War officer, Lee cabled Washington with fears for the lives of Americans, the United States wasted no time sending a tepid response It was into this explosive situation of an ongoing independence struggle that the inquiry reported that it was caused by submarine mine and one month later the war was declared (A total of four Investigations looked into the causes of the explosion with the investigators coming to different conclusions An investigation conducted in 1976 by scientists concluded that the explosion was most likely the result of an internal combustion in a coal bunker that was situated next to a powder magazine a 1999 investigation commissioned by '' National Geographic Magazine '' and carried out by Advanced Marine Enterprises disagreed, concluding that “it appears more probable than was previously concluded that a mine caused the inward bent bottom structure and the detonation of the magazines”)