is a Train Station located in Shinjuku and Shibuya Wards in Tokyo , Japan .
Serving as the main connecting hub for rail traffic between central Tokyo and its western suburbs on JR , Commuter Rail and Metro lines, the station was used by an average of 3.31 million people per day in 2006, making it the busiest train station in the world in terms of number of passengers. ''(For the exact number, see the discussion Below .)'' Including an underground arcade, there are well over 200 exits.
In terms of area, Shinjuku is the second-largest station in the world after Nagoya Station .
Shinjuku is served by the following railway systems:
train bound for Kawagoe takes on passengers at JR Shinjuku Station.]]
The station is centered around facilities servicing the East Japan Railway Company (JR-East) lines. These consist of 7 ground level Island Platform s (14 tracks) on a north-south axis, connected by two overhead and two underground concourses. Most JR services here are urban and suburban mass transit lines, although JR's intercity express services to Kofu and Matsumoto on the Chūō Main Line , Narita Express to Narita Airport, and joint operations with Tobu Railway to Nikkō and Kinugawa Onsen also use this station.
The JR section alone handles an average of 1.5 million passengers a day.
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The terminus for the private
Odakyu Odawara Line is parallel to the JR platforms on the west side, and handles an average of 490,000 passengers daily. This is a major commuter route stretching southwest through the suburbs and out towards the coastal city of
Odawara and the mountains of
Hakone . The 10 platforms are built on two levels beneath the Odakyu department store; 3 express service tracks (6 platforms) on the ground level and 2 tracks (4 platforms) on the level below. Each track has platforms on both sides in order to completely separate boarding and alighting passengers.
The
Keio Line 's concourse is located to the west of the Odakyū line concourse, two floors below ground level under Keiō department store. It now consists of 3 platforms stretching north to south. Approximately 720,000 passengers use this section daily, which makes it the busiest amongst the privately owned (i.e. non-
JR ) railways of Japan. This suburban commuter line links Shinjuku to
Hachiōji city to the west.
The shared facilities for the
Toei Shinjuku subway line and the Keiō New Line consist of 2 platforms stretching east-west 5 floors beneath Kōshū Kaidō avenue to the southwest of the JR section. The concourse is managed by
Keio Electric Railway but is in a separate location to the main Keiō platforms. Further south (and deeper underground) are the 2 north-to-south Toei Ōedo subway line platforms.
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Tokyo Metro 's two
Marunouchi Line underground platforms stretch east-west to the north of the JR and Odakyu facilities, directly below the Metro Promenade underground mall.
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Many department stores and shopping malls are built directly into the station. These include
- Lumine Est - above JR's east exit
- Odakyu department store - above the Odakyu line concourse
- Odakyu Mylord - above the southern end of Odakyu line concourse
- LUMINE 1 shopping mall - above the Keio line concourse
- LUMINE 2 shopping mall - above JR's south and Lumine exits
- Keio Department store - above the Keio line concourse
- Keio Mall - underground mall to the southwest of the Keio line concourse
- Odakyu Ace - underground malls beneath the bus terminal by the west exit.
In addition to the above, the Metro Promenade, which is an underground mall owned by Tokyo Metro, extends eastwards from the station beneath Shinjuku-dori avenue, all the way to the adjacent Shinjuku-sanchōme station with 60 exits along the way. The Metro Promenade in turn connects to Shinjuku Subnade, another underground shopping mall, which leads onto
Seibu Railway 's Seibu-Shinjuku station.
Shinjuku Station is connected by underground passageways and shopping malls to:
There is a bus terminal at the west exit servicing both local and long-distance buses, and a JR Highway Bus terminal at the new south exit.
The average number of daily users at Shinjuku Station is 3,315,631, which is the largest number in the world. The figure is a total of entering and exiting customers of each operator. Therefore, users who transfer different operators' lines are counted twice.
Shinjuku Station opened in 1885 as a stop on Japan Railway's Akabane-Shinagawa line (now part of the
Yamanote Line ). Shinjuku was still a quiet community at the time and the station was not heavily trafficked at first. The opening of the Chūō Line (1889), Keiō Line (1915) and Odakyū Line (1923) led to increasing traffic through the station. Subway service began in 1959.
In August 1967, a freight train carrying
Jet Fuel bound for the U.S. air base in
Tachikawa derailed and caught fire on the Chūō Rapid tracks.
The station was a major site for student protests in 1968 and 1969, the height of civil unrest in postwar Japan.
There have been plans at various points in history to connect Shinjuku into the
Shinkansen network. Originally, the station was slated to be the southern terminus of the
Jōetsu Shinkansen line to
Niigata . This plan was eventually scrapped, but an area was reserved underneath the station for Shinkansen platforms. In the future, the
Chūō Shinkansen may bring high-speed rail service to Shinjuku.
On
May 5 ,
1995 , the
Aum Shinrikyo doomsday cult attempted a chemical terrorist attack by setting off a cyanide gas device in a toilet in the underground concourse, barely a month after the
Gas Attack On The Tokyo Subway which killed 12 and injured thousands. This time the attack was thwarted by staff who extinguished the burning device.
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5<center>'''East Japan Railway Company'''</center>
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5<center>'''Odakyu Electric Railway'''</center>
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5<center>'''Keio Corporation'''</center>
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5<center>'''Subway lines'''</center>
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