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What is known as the Iranian monarchy went through many transformations over the centuries, from the days of the Persian Empire to the establishment of modern day Iran . The Shah was the Hereditary ruler, though the title, when used by Westerners today, generally refers to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the last Shahanshah . According to royal Order Of Precedence , the Shahanshah was equal in status to an Emperor . Although, from the time of the Islamic Conquest Of Persia until 1967, when Farah Pahlavi was crowned empress, the monarch's wife usually bore the title of Malika ( Queen Consort ). The modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1501 after the Safavid Dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I , and ended the so-called "fourth era" of political fragmentation. For most of its existence, Iran has been ruled by Absolute Monarchy . During the Persian Constitutional Revolution in 1905-11, Iran became a Constitutional Monarchy , which it remained until 1925. Reza Shah overthrew Ahmad Shah Qajar , the last Shah of the Qajar Dynasty , and founded the Pahlavi Dynasty . The monarchy was abolished in 1979 when a Revolution , led by Ayatollah Khomeini , pressured the last Pahlavi shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , into exile, and established an Islamic Republic . RULERS OF PERSIA/IRAN Safavid Dynasty
Afsharid Dynasty
Zand Dynasty
Qajar Dynasty
Pahlavi Dynasty ''At this point, Persia becomes known to West by its native name, Iran.''
Post-Imperial Heads of Pahlavi Dynasty (1979-Present)
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