| Second Empire |
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, in which Neo-Baroque meets Neo-Renaissance .]] Second Empire is an architectural style that was popular during the Victorian Era , reaching its zenith between 1865 and 1880 , and so named for the “French” elements in vogue during the era of the Second French Empire . While a distinct style unto itself, some Second Empire styling cues, such as Quoins , have an indirect relationship to the styles previously in vogue, Gothic Revival and Italianate eras. In the United States , the Second Empire style usually combined a rectangular tower, or similar element, with a steep, but short, Mansard Roof ; the roof being the most noteworthy link to the style’s French roots. This tower element could be of equal height of the top most floor, or could exceed the height of the rest of the structure by a story or two. The Mansard Roof crest was often topped with an iron trim, sometimes referred to as “cresting”. In some cases, Lightning Rod s were integrated into the cresting design, making the feature useful beyond its decorative features. The exterior style could be expressed in either wood, brick or stone. More elaborate examples frequently featured paired columns as well as sculptured details around the entrances, windows and dormers. The purpose of the ornament was to make the structure appear imposing, grand and expensive. Floor plans for Second Empire residences could either be symmetrical, which placed the tower (or tower-like element) in the center or asymmetrical in nature in which the tower or tower-like element would be placed to one side. ]] The style also found its way in commercial structures, and was often used when designing state institutions. Several psychiatric hospitals proved the style's adaptability in their size and functions. Prior to the construction of The Pentagon in the 1940s , the Second Empire–styled Ohio State Asylum For The Insane in Columbus, Ohio was reported to be the largest building under one roof in the U.S., though the title may actually belong to Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital , another Kirkbride Second Empire asylum. Second Empire was succeeded by the Queen Anne Style era, and its sub-styles, which enjoyed great popularity until the rise of the “Revival Era” in American architecture just before the end of the 19th Century . Leland Roth references refers to the style as "Second Empire Baroque." Mullett-Smith references calls it the "Second Empire or General Grant style" due to its popularity in building government buildings during the Grant administration. The architect H.H. Richardson designed several of his early residences in the style, "evidence see references of his French schooling." These projects include the Crowninshield House, Boston Massachusetts, 1868, the H.H.Richardson House, Staten Island, New York, 1868 and the Dorsheimer House, Buffalo, New York, 1868. In regard to the use of the Second Empire style for residences, the McAlesters references divided the style into 5 subtypes:
NOTABLE SECOND EMPIRE BUILDING IN CANADA INCLUDE In Canada, Second Empire became the choice of the new Dominion government the 1870’s and 1880’s for numerous public buildings and the provinces followed suit.
NOTABLE SECOND EMPIRE BUILDINGS IN UNITED STATES INCLUDE
NOTABLE SECOND EMPIRE BUILDINGS IN AUSTRALIA INCLUDE
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Old_Executive_Building" class="copylinks">Old Executive Building , Washington DC |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Old_Executive_Office_Building" class="copylinks">Old Executive Office Building , Washington DC |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Old_Executive_Building" class="copylinks">Old Executive Building , Washington DC |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Philadelphia_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Philadelphia City Hall |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Philadelphia_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Philadelphia City Hall - Detail of Exterior Sculptures |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Philadelphia_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Philadelphia City Hall - Detail of Exterior Sculptures |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Philadelphia_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Philadelphia City Hall - Detail of Exterior Sculptures |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Philadelphia_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Philadelphia City Hall - Detail of Exterior Sculptures |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Philadelphia_City_Hall" class="copylinks">Philadelphia City Hall - Detail of Exterior Sculptures |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Hotel_Windsor_(Melbourne)" class="copylinks">Hotel Windsor Melbourne , Australia |
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Image:Woodburn HalljpgWoodburn Hall
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/information/entry/Morgantown,_West_Virginia" class="copylinks">Morgantown, West Virginia |
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