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The work of Heinz Von Foerster , Humberto Maturana , Gordon Pask , Ranulph Glanville , and Paul Pangaro is strongly associated with second-order cybernetics. Pask (1996) recommended the term New Cybernetics in his last paper which emphasises all observers are participant observers that interact.


REFERENCES


  Last von Foerster
  First Heinz
  Author-link Heinz von Foerster
  Year 2003
  Title Understanding Understanding: Essays on Cybernetics and Cognition
  Place New York
  Publisher Springer-Verlag
  Isbn 0387953922


  Last von Foerster
  First Heinz
  Author-link Heinz von Foerster
  Year 1974
  Title Cybernetics of Cybernetics
  Place Urbana Illinois
  Publisher University of Illinois


Pask, G. (1996). ''Heinz von Foerster's Self-Organisation, the Progenitor of Conversation and Interaction Theories'', Systems Research 13, 3, pp. 349-362
  • [http://www.nickgreen.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/GPprog.PDF Download]


Scott, B. (2001). ''Conversation Theory: a Dialogic, Constructivist Approach to Educational Technology'', Cybernetics and Human Knowing, 8, 4, pp. 25-46.


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