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The Samaritan Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew as pronounced and written by the Samaritan s. It is used in the reading tradition of the Samaritan Pentateuch . WRITING It is written in the Samaritan Alphabet , a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew Alphabet (itself a variation on the Phoenician Alphabet ), whereas all other varieties of Hebrew are written in the later Hebrew Alphabet , a variation on the Aramaic Alphabet . PRONUNCIATION The Samaritan pronunciation of Hebrew differs in several respects from most others. The Laryngeals He and Heth have disappeared or turned into vowels. Beth and Waw both are pronounced as ''b'' (in fact, the letters' names are pronounced Bît and Ba), only the waw-conjunctive is pronounced as ''u''. There is no double pronunciation of the Shin like Jewish Hebrew; it is always pronounced ''sh''. Consonants with Dagesh are pronounced Geminate . Stress is commonly penultimate rather than ultimate. GRAMMAR Pronouns Personal
Demonstrative This: masc. ze, fem. zéot, pl. ílla. That: alaz (written with a ''he'' at the beginning). Relative Who, which: éšar. Interrogative Who? = mi. What? = ma. Noun When suffixes are added, ê and ô in the last syllable may become î and û: bôr "pit" > búrôt "pits". Note also af "anger" > éppa "her anger". Segolate s behave more or less as in other Hebrew varieties: beţen "stomach" > báţnek "your stomach", kesef "silver" > kesfánu "our silver", dérek > dirkakimma "your (m. pl.) road" but áreş "earth" > árşak "your earth". Article The Definite Article is a- or e-, and causes Gemination of the following consonant, unless it is a Guttural ; it is written with a ''he'', but as usual, the ''h'' is silent. Thus, for example: énnar / ánnar = "the youth"; ellêm = "the meat"; a'émur = "the donkey". Number Regular plural suffixes are -êm masc., -ôt fem: eyyamêm "the days", elamôt "dreams". Dual is sometimes -ayem (šenatayem "two years"), usually -êm like the plural (yédêm "hands".) Verbs Affix es are:
Particles Prepositions "in, using", pronounced:
"as, like", pronounced:
"to" pronounced:
"and" pronounced:
Other prepositions:
Conjunctions
Adverbs
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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