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The Roman Curia — usually called the '''Vatican''' — is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See , coordinating and providing the necessary organisation for the correct functioning of the Catholic Church and the achievement of its goals. It is generally considered as representing the international government of the Catholic Church. ''Curia'' in medieval and later Latin usage means "court" in the sense of "royal court" rather than "court of law". The Roman Curia, then, sometimes anglicized as Roman Court, is the Papal Court, and assists the Pope in carrying out his functions. The Roman Curia can also be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, though it only includes a Foreign 'ministry' (the Secetary of State), the secular internal affairs being handled by separate institutions of the Vatican City State , unlike the earlier Papal States . PURPOSE HISTORY The Roman Curia was originally established in the 16th Century by Pope Sixtus V with the Bull ''Immensa Aeterni Dei'' on 22 January 1588. Originally, the Curia had both religious and civil functions, though the latter were greatly transformed in the 19th Century when the expansion of the Piedmontese State to include the greater part of Italy included the seizure of most of the Papal States in 1860 and the city of Rome itself in 1870 , and hence effectively ended much of the Papacy 's Temporal Power . An agreement was reached on this issue in 1929 , when the Holy See concluded the Lateran Treaty with the Italian State, which had since 1919 occupied the whole of the peninsula, plus Sicily and Sardinia . By this act, the Roman Curia gave up any claim to an administrative role in the defunct Papal States , though it has such with regard to the successor Vatican City State , which restored to the papacy the undeniable secular status of Head Of State . In practice, the Curia is now mainly dedicated to the support of the Pope's ecclesiastical responsibilities. In its long and eventful history, it underwent numerous organizational changes. Among its former components are:
STRUCTURE The following organs or charges, according to the official website of the Holy See ( {Link without Title} ), compose the Curia:
It should be noted that it is normal for every Latin Catholic diocese to have a ''curia'' in its administration. For the Diocese of Rome, these functions are ''not'' handled by the Roman Curia, but by the ''Vicariate General of His Holiness for the City of Rome'', as provided by the Apostolic Constitution ''Ecclesia in Urbe''. The Vicar General Of Rome , traditionally a Cardinal, and his deputy the Vicegerent, who holds the personal title of Archbishop, supervise the governance of the diocese by reference to the Pope himself, but with no more dependence on the Roman Curia as such than other Catholic dioceses throughout the world. Before the reform, there also existed Hereditary Officers Of The Roman Curia . SEE ALSO SOURCES & EXTERNAL LINKS
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