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( word used most for " Empire ", " Realm ", or " Nation " Cognate with Scandinavian '' Rike ''/''rige'', , and as found in bishop''ric''. It is the word traditionally used for a variety of sovereign entities, including Germany in many periods of its history. It is also found in the compound ', "kingdom", and in the country names ' ( France , literally the "Realm of the Franks") and '''' ( Austria , the "Eastern Realm"). The German version of the Lord's Prayer uses the words '''' for "" (usually translated as "thy kingdom come" in English). Used adjectivally, '''' is the German word for "rich". Like its Latin counterpart, '''', ''Reich'' does not necessarily connote a Monarchy ; the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany continued to use the name '' Deutsches Reich ''. REICH, GERMAN See Also: German Reich The term ''Reich'' was part of the German names for Germany for much of its history. Reich was used by itself in the common German variant of the Holy Roman Empire , the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" ('). ''Der rîche'' was a title for the Emperor. However, it should be noted that Latin, not German, was the formal legal language of the medieval Empire, so English-speaking historians are more likely to use Latin ' than German '''' as a term for this period of German history. The unified Germany which arose under Chancellor " (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933; the term is a postwar coinage not used at the time), and Nazi Germany (the Third Reich) (1933–1945). After 1918 "Reich" was usually not translated as "Empire" in English-speaking countries, and the title was instead simply used in its original German. During the Weimar Republic the term "" and the prefix "" referred not to the idea of empire but rather to the institutions, officials, affairs etc. of the whole country as opposed to those of one of its constituent federal states. ''Das Reich'' meant the legal persona of the (federal) State, similar to ''The Crown'' designating the State (and its treasury) in Commonwealth countries. poster.]] The Nazi s sought to legitimize their power historiographically by portraying their rule as a continuation of a Germanic past. They coined the term ' ("The Third Empire" – usually rendered in English in the partial-translation " The Third Reich "), counting the Holy Roman Empire as the first and the 1871-1918 monarchy as the second. They also used the Political Slogan ''Ein Volk , ein Reich, ein Führer '' ("One people, one ''Reich'', one leader"). Although the term "Third Reich" is in common use, the terms "First Reich" and "Second Reich" for the earlier periods are seldom found outside Nazi propaganda. To use the terms "First Reich" and "Second Reich", as some commentators did in the post-war years, is generally frowned upon as accepting Nazi Historiography . The term ' (old Reich) is sometimes used to refer to the Holy Roman Empire . A number of previously neutral words used by the Nazis have later taken on negative connotations in German (e.g. ' or '); while in many contexts '''' is not one of them (''reich'', rich; ''Frankreich'', France), it can imply German Imperialism or strong Nationalism if it is used to describe a political or governmental entity. '''' has thus not been used in official terminology since 1945, though it is still found in the name of the Reichstag Building , which since 1999 has housed the German federal Parliament , the Bundestag . The decision not to rename the Reichstag building was taken only after long debate in the Bundestag; even then, it is described officially as '''' (Reichstag, seat of the Bundestag). The exception is that during the Cold War , the East German Railway incongruously continued to use the name '' Deutsche Reichsbahn '' (German National Railways), which had been the name of the national railway during the era of the Weimar Republic and Third Reich. This is because the Reichsbahn was specifically mentioned in several postwar treaties and directives regarding the right to operate the railroad in West Berlin ; had the East German government changed the name of the railways to, for example, ''Staatsbahn der DDR'' (State Railways of the GDR), it would likely have lost this right. Even after German Reunification in October 1990, the Reichsbahn continued to exist for over three years as the operator of the railroad in eastern Germany, ending finally on 1 January 1994 when the Reichsbahn and the western Deutsche Bundesbahn were merged to form the privatized Deutsche Bahn AG . RIKE, RIGE ''Rike'' is the Swedish and Norwegian word for " Realm ", in Danish spelled '''''rige''','' of similar meaning as German '' Reich .'' The word is traditionally used for sovereign entities; a country with a King or Queen as Head Of State , such as the United Kingdom or Sweden itself, is a ''(kunga)rike'', literally a "royal realm". The word is used in "Svea rike", with the current spelling ''Sverige,'' the name of Sweden in Swedish . It is also present in the names of institutions such as the Riksdag , Sveriges Riksbank , Riksgäldskontoret , Riksåklagaren, Rikspolisstyrelsen , Riksteatern, Riksdaler , etc. The word is often used synonymously to nation, as in ''rikstäckande'', nationwide. The Lord's Prayer uses the words in the Swedish version — ''Tillkomme ditt rike'' (Thy kingdom come). RIJK ''Rijk'' is the Dutch equivalent of German ''Reich''. In a political sense in the Netherlands the word ''rijk'' often connotates a connection with the Kingdom Of The Netherlands ; the '' Ministerraad '' is the executive body of the Netherlands ' government and the '' Rijksministerraad '' that of the Kingdom Of The Netherlands , a similar distinction is found in ''wetten'' (laws) versus ''rijkswetten'' (kingdom laws). The word ''rijk'' can also be found in institutions like Rijkswaterstaat , Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid En Milieu , and Rijksuniversiteit Groningen . Like in German, the adjective ''rijk'' means "rich". ETYMOLOGY AND COGNATES ''Reich'' has an interesting meaning progeny of Rajas. The cognates can be grouped linguistically as follows: Celtic group
Original Germanic group
Latin
Sanskrit
Slavonic REFERENCES |
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