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]] Program Manager was the Shell of Windows 3.x and Windows NT 3.x Operating System s. This shell exposed a task-oriented Graphical User Interface (GUI), consisting of '' Icon s'' ( Shortcut s for programs) arranged into ''program groups''. The user-friendly interface replaced the file-oriented shells of previous Microsoft operating systems, and enabled non-technical users to run their computers without seeking technical assistance. In later versions of Microsoft Windows , starting with Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 , Program Manager was replaced by Windows Explorer as the shell, though Windows 95 gave the user an opportunity to choose which shell they preferred during setup. For Backward Compatibility with old applications, Program Manager was still included in later versions of Windows. It can be accessed by executing PROGMAN.EXE from the command line or run dialog. The file is located in the Windows directory in older versions, or the System32 directory in Windows 2000 and Windows XP . Today, PROGMAN.EXE has little practical use beyond compatibility with extremely rare, antiquated programs. Since Windows XP Service Pack 2, it has been replaced by a stub and a converter for Program Manager shortcuts to Windows Explorer shortcuts. This is to ease the transition into Windows Vista , which does not include the application at all. It is still possible to use the Program Manager in Windows XP Service Pack 2 by replacing the progman.exe executable with the executable from Service Pack 1 or the Windows XP retail release. With the SP1 CD, one can expand it by typing expand -r D:\i386\progman.ex_ C:\Windows at the command prompt (replacing D: with the CD-ROM drive letter). It is also possible to bypass the Windows system file protection and overwrite the SP2 version of Program Manager completely, though this is not recommended. The safest method is to save the file to a different location, or rename the old version (progman2.exe for example) so it can coexist in the same directory with the newer stub. SEE ALSO |
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