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The Port of Singapore refers to the collective facilities and Terminal s that conduct maritime trade handling functions in Singapore 's Harbours and which handle Singapore's Shipping . Currently the World's Busiest Port in terms of Total Shipping Tonnage , it also handles a quarter of the world's shipping containers as the World's Busiest Container Port , half of the world's annual supply of Crude Oil , and is the World's Busiest Transshipment Port . It was also the busiest port in terms of Total Cargo Tonnage Handled until 2005, when it was surpassed by Shanghai. Thousands of ships drop anchor in the harbour, connecting the port to over 600 other ports in 123 countries and spread over six continents. The Port of Singapore is not a mere economic boon, but an economic necessity due to the fact that Singapore is lacking in , for example, restocking a ship's food and water supplies, take their role. The Straits Of Johor is currently impassable by all ships as the Johor-Singapore Causeway links Singapore to Malaysia. The port was documented in a '' MegaStructures '' programme of the National Geographic Channel called "World's Busiest Port". HISTORY Before 1819 In the late 13th century, a settlement known as Singapore was established on the north bank of the and the Riau Archipelago supplied products to Singapore for export elsewhere, while Singapore was the main source of foreign products to the region. Archaeological artefacts such as ceramics and glassware found in the Riau Archipelago evidence this. In addition, cotton was Transshipped from Java or India through Singapore.. By the 15h century, although Singapore had declined as an international trading port due to the ascendance of the Malacca Sultanate , such trade continued on the island. A map of Singapore by Portuguese mathematician Manuel Gordinho d'Eredia showed the location of the office of a ''shabandar'', the Malay official responsible for international trade, and shards of 15th-century Thai ceramics and late 16th- or early 17th-century Chinese blue and white porcelain have been found at the Singapore and Kallang River s. Singapore also provided other regional ports with local products demanded by international markets. For instance, blackwood (a generic term used by Europeans to refer to Rosewood ) was exported from Singapore to Malacca , and was in turn purchased by Chinese traders and shipped to China for furniture-making. In the early 17th century, Singapore's main settlement and its port were destroyed by a punitive force from Aceh . After this, there was no significant settlement or port at Singapore until 1819 when Sir Stamford Raffles , excited by the deep and sheltered waters in Keppel Harbour , established for Britain a new settlement and international port on the island. 1819–1963 Keen to attract Asian and European traders to the new port, Raffles directed that land along the banks of the Singapore River, particularly the south bank, be reclaimed where necessary and allocated to Chinese and English country traders to encourage them to establish a stake in the port-settlement. Chinese traders, because of their frequent commercial interactions with Southeast Asian traders throughout the year, set up their trading houses along the lower reaches of the river, while English country traders, who depended on the annual arrival of trade from India, set up warehouses along the upper reaches. The port relied on three main networks of trade that existed in Southeast Asia at that time: the Chinese network, which linked Southeast Asia with the southern Chinese ports of Fujian and Guangdong ; the Southeast Asian network, which linked the islands of the Indonesian Archipelago ; and the European and Indian Ocean network, which linked Singapore to the markets of Europe and the Indian Ocean Littoral . These networks were complementary, and positioned Singapore as the transshipment point of regional and international trade. By the 1830s, Singapore had overtaken Batavia (now Jakarta ) as the centre of the Chinese Junk trade, and also become the centre of English country trade, in Southeast Asia. This was because Southeast Asian traders preferred the Free Port of Singapore to other major regional ports which had cumbersome restrictions. Singapore had also supplanted Tanjung Pinang as the export gateway for the Gambier and pepper industry of the Riau – Lingga Archipelago by the 1830s, and South Johor by the 1840s. It had also become the centre of the Teochew trade in marine produce and rice. As the volume of its maritime trade increased in the 19th century, Singapore became a key port of call for Sailing and Steam Vessels in their passage along Asian sea routes. From the 1840s, Singapore became an important Coaling Station for steam shipping networks that were beginning to form. Towards the late 19th century, Singapore became a Staple Port servicing the geographical Hinterland of the Malay Peninsula . Following the institution of the British Foward Movement, Singapore became the administrative capital of British Malaya . Roads and railways were developed to transport primary materials such as crude oil, rubber and tin from the Malay Peninsula to Singapore to be processed into staple products, and then shipped to Britain and other international markets. During the colonial period, this was the most important role of the port of Singapore. Since 1963 Singapore ceased to be part of the British Empire when it merged with Malaysia in 1963. Singapore lost its hinterland and was no longer the administrative or economic capital of the Malay Peninsula. The processing in Singapore of raw materials extracted in the Peninsula was drastically reduced due to the absence of a Common Market between Singapore and the Peninsular states. Since Singapore's full independence in 1965, it has had to compete with other ports in the region to attract shipping and trade at its port. It has done so by developing an export-oriented economy based on value-added manufacturing. It obtains raw or partially-manufactured products from regional and global markets and exports value-added products back to these markets through market access agreements such as World Trade Organization directives and Free Trade Agreement s. By the 1980s, maritime trading activity had ceased in the vicinity of the Singapore River except in the form of passenger transport, as other terminals and harbours took over this role. Keppel Harbour is now home to three (formerly the Port of Singapore Authority) and Jurong Port , which collectively operate six container terminals and three general-purpose terminals around Singapore. lies to the left and Jurong Port in the background of this panoramic view of the southwestern part of Singapore, showing the southern parts of Queenstown , and Clementi and Jurong .]] OPERATIONS The port is the World's Busiest Port in terms of shipping tonnage handled, with 1.15 Billion Gross Ton s (GT) handled in 2005 . In terms of cargo tonnage, Singapore is ranked second behind Shanghai with 423 million tons handled. The port retains its position as the world's busiest hub for Transhipment traffic in 2005, and is also the world's biggest bunkering hub, with 25 million tonnes sold in the same year. {Link without Title} Singapore is ranked first globally in once in 1998 . at anchor in Singapore .]] OPERATORS PSA Singapore's container facilities are as follows:
Four new berths at Pasir Panjang Container Terminal are now under construction, and the results will be as follows:
Jurong Port's facilities are as follows:
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