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Information About

Pleural Cavity





Anatomy Information

  Name Pleural Cavity
  Latin cavitas pleuralis
  GraySubject 238
  GrayPage 1088
  Image Gray965png
  Caption Front view of Thorax , showing the relations of the Pleuræ and Lungs to the chest wall Pleura in blue lungs in purple
  Image2 Gray968png
  Caption2 A transverse section of the Thorax , showing the contents of the middle and the posterior Mediastinum The pleural and Pericardial Cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between Pericardium and Heart
  System
  MeshName Pleural+Cavity
  MeshNumber A01911800650
  DorlandsPre c_16
  DorlandsSuf 12220581


The Lung s are surrounded by two Membrane s, the pleurae. The outer pleura is attached to the Chest Wall and is known as the Parietal Pleura ; the inner one is attached to the lung and other Viscera l tissues and is known as the Visceral Pleura . In between the two is an actual thin space known as the '''pleural cavity''' or '''pleural space'''.

The parietal pleura is highly sensitive to pain; the visceral pleura is not.


FUNCTIONS

Pleural fluid serves several functions. It lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows the pleural layers to slide against each other easily during respiration. Pleural fluid also provides the surface tension that keeps the lung surface in close apposition with the chest wall. This allows optimal inflation of Alveoli during respiration. It also directly transmits pressures from the chest wall to the visceral pleural surface (and hence, the lung). Therefore, movements of the chest wall during breathing are coupled closely to movements of the


BLOOD SUPPLY

The visceral pleura has a dual Blood Supply from the Bronchial and Pulmonary Arteries .


FLUID

It is filled with pleural fluid, a Serous Fluid produced by the pleura. A normal 70 kg human has approximately 12-15 mL of pleural fluid.

In normal pleurae, most fluid is produced by the parietal circulation ( Intercostal Arteries ) via Bulk Flow and reabsorbed by the Lymphatic System . Thus, pleural fluid is continuously produced and reabsorbed. The rate of reabsorption may increase up to 40x before significant amounts of fluid accumulate within the pleural space.

In humans, there is no anatomical connection between the left and right pleural cavities, so in cases of pneumothorax (see below), the other hemithorax will still be able to function normally.


DISEASES

Diseases involving the pleura include:

  • , or spontaneous. A tension pneumothorax is a particular type of pneumothorax where the air may enter (though a defect of the chest wall, lung, or airways) on inspiration, but cannot exit on expiration. Each breath increases the amount of trapped air in the chest cavity, leading to further lung compression. This is a Medical Emergency .

  • ), decreased fluid protein (i.e. Cirrhosis ), Heart Failure , bleeding ( Hemothorax ), infections ( Parapneumonic Effusions , Empyema ), inflammation, malignancies, or perforation of thoracic organs (i.e. Chylothorax , Esophageal Rupture ).

  • ) or malignant in nature. Mesothelioma is a type of malignant Cancer associated with Asbestos exposure.



SEE ALSO



ADDITIONAL IMAGES