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The Peruvian Navy ( Armed Forces tasked with surveillance, patrol and defense on lakes, rivers and the Pacific Ocean up to 200 Nautical Mile s (370 km) from the Peruvian Littoral . Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting Disaster Relief operations and participating in international Peacekeeping operations. As of 2007, the Peruvian Navy comprises 1 Cruiser , 8 Frigate s, 6 Corvette s, 6 Submarine s, 4 Tank Landing Ship s and 4 Replenishment Oilers . Ships are given the Prefix BAP, short for ''Buque Armada Peruana'' (Peruvian Navy Ship). The ''Marina de Guerra del Perú'' celebrates on October 8 the anniversary of its creation (1821) and of the Battle Of Angamos (1879). HISTORY , October 8, 1879.'']] The ''Marina de Guerra del Perú'' was established on October 8, 1821 by the government of general José De San Martín . Its first actions were undertaken during the War Of Independence (1821-1824) using captured Spanish Warship s. Shortly afterwards it was engaged in the war against the Gran Colombia (1828-1829) during which it conducted a Blockade against the Seaport of Guayaquil and then helped with the occupation of this city by Peruvian forces. It saw further action during the wars of the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy (1836-1839) and during the Chincha Islands War with Spain (1866). The breakout of the War Of The Pacific (1879-1883) caught the Peruvian Navy unprepared and with inferior forces in comparison with the Chilean Navy . Even so, Hit-and-run Tactics carried out by Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau , Commander of the Ironclad '' ''Huáscar'' '', delayed the Chilean advance by six months until his death and defeat at the Battle of Angamos. ''Almirante Grau''.'']] After the war, the Peruvian Navy had to be rebuilt from the ground up. This lengthy process started in 1907 with the acquisition in the United Kingdom of the Protected Cruiser s ''Almirante Grau'' and ''Coronel Bolognesi'', followed by the arrival of two submarines, ''Ferré'' and ''Palacios'', from France in 1911. During the Presidency of Augusto B. Leguía (1919-1930) a Navy Ministry was established as well as a Navy Aviation Corps , both in 1920. Border conflicts with Colombia in 1911 and 1932 and a War with Ecuador in 1941 saw Peruvian warships involved in some skirmishes in support of the Army . The Attack On Pearl Harbor brought World War II to the Pacific and even though Peru didn't declare war on the Axis until 1945, its Navy was involved in patrol missions against possible threats by the Imperial Japanese Navy from early 1942 up to mid-1945. During the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s the Peruvian Navy carried out a major buildup programme which allowed it to regain parity ''vis-à-vis'' its traditional rival, the Chilean Navy. This proved to be temporary because the economic crisis of the second half of the 1980s forced the Decommissioning of several warships and resulted in a general lack of funds for Maintenance . The economic upturn of the 1990s and 2000s has permitted some improvement although at a reduced force level compared to the early 1980s. ORGANIZATION The current Commander-in-Chief of the Peruvian Navy is Admiral Eduardo Darcourt Adrianzén . Naval Forces are subordinated to the Ministry Of Defense and ultimately to the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Peruvian Armed Forces. They are organized as follows:
Operational units are divided between three commands: ''Comandancia General de Operaciones del Pacífico'' Pacific Operations General Command, it comprises the following units:
''Comandancia General de Operaciones de la Amazonía'' Amazon Operations General Command, tasked with river patrolling in the Peruvian portion of the Amazon Basin . ''Dirección General de Capitanías y Guardacostas'' Coast Guard , tasked with law enforcement on Peruvian Territorial Waters , rivers and lakes. BASES
Although most of the fleet is based at Callao, this is not considered an ideal location because it is also the main outlet for Peruvian trade, causing space and security problems. During the 1980s the building of a new naval base at Chimbote was considered but high costs and a bad economic situation made the project unfeasible."La base de Chimbote", ''Caretas'', 1985. PERSONNEL SHIPS Cruiser De Ruyter class
Frigates Carvajal class
Lupo class
Corvettes PR-72P class
Submarines Type 209/1100 class
Type 209/1200 class
Tank landing ships Terrebonne Parish class
River gunboats
Auxiliaries
DECOMMISSIONED SHIPS Destroyer Daring class
NAVAL AVIATION NAVAL INFANTRY Naval Infantry Brigade .'']]
Other units
EQUIPMENT Guns
Missiles
Torpedoes
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS The Peruvian Navy has been actively involved in several . Peruvian naval officers have also been deployed to United Nations Organization Mission In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo (MONUC) , United Nations Operation In Côte D'Ivoire (UNOCI) , United Nations Mission In Sudan (UNMIS) as United Nations Militar Observers (UNMOs) . FUTURE PLANS According to current plans, the Fleet Flagship ''Almirante Grau'' will soon be decommissioned in 2008 or 2010. By 2010 the fleet is expected to be composed of 8 frigates, 6 corvettes, 6 submarines and two replenishment oilers. They will be supported by 3 maritime patrol aircraft and 8 antisubmarine warfare helicopters. NOTES SOURCES
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