Information AboutPerception |
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In Psychology and the Cognitive Science s, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing Sensory Information . It is a task far more complex than was imagined in the 1950s and 1960s, when it was proclaimed that building perceiving machines would take about a decade, but, needless to say, that is still very far from reality. The word ''perception'' comes from the Latin ''perception-, percepio, '', meaning "receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses." --OED.com. Methods of studying perception range from essentially Biological or Physiological approaches, through Psychological approaches through the Philosophy Of Mind and in Empiricist Epistemology , such as that of David Hume , John Locke , George Berkeley , or as in Merleau Ponty 's affirmation of perception as the basis of all science and There are two basic theories of perception: Passive Perception (PP) and Active Perception (PA). The passive perception (conceived with René Descartes ) is addressed in this article and could be surmised as the following sequence of events: surrounding - > input (senses) - > processing (brain) - > output (re-action). Although still supported by mainstream philosophers, psychologists and neurologists, this theory is nowadays losing momentum. The theory of active perception has emerged from extensive research of sensory illusions with works of Professor Emeritus Richard L Gregory in a lead. This theory is increasingly gaining experimental support and could be surmised as dynamic relationship between “description” (in the brain) < - > senses < - > surrounding. HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF PERCEPTION Perception is one of the oldest fields within scientific psychology, and there are correspondingly many theories about its underlying processes. The oldest quantitative law in psychology is the Weber-Fechner Law , which quantifies the relationship between the intensity of physical stimuli and their perceptual effects. It was the study of perception that gave rise to the Gestalt school of psychology, with its emphasis on Holistic approach. . PERCEPTION AND REALITY Many Cognitive Psychologists hold that, as we move about in the world, we create a Model of how the world works. That is, we sense the objective world, but our sensations map to Percept s, and these percepts are provisional, in the same sense that scientific hypotheses are provisional (cf. in the Scientific Method ). As we acquire new has multiple interpretations on the perceptual level. Just as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all: if the percept has no grounding in a person's experience, the person may literally not perceive it. This confusing -based Haptic perception strongly relies on the forces experienced during touch. This makes it possible to produce illusory touch percepts (see also the MIT Technology Review article The Cutting Edge of Haptics ). . PERCEPTION-IN-ACTION The ecological understanding of perception advanced from Gibson's early work is perception-in-action, the notion that perception is a requisite property of animate action, without perception action would not be guided and without action perception would be pointless. Animate actions require perceiving and moving together. In a sense, "perception and movement are two sides of the same coin, the coin is action." (D.N. Lee) A mathematical theory of perception-in-action has been devised and investigated in many forms of controlled movement by many different species of organism, General Tau Theory . According to this theory, tau information, or time-to-goal information is the fundamental 'percept' in perception.- PERCEPTION AND ACTION We gather information about the world and interact with it through our actions. Perceptual information is critical for action. Perceptual deficits may lead to profound deficits in action (for touch-perception-related deficits, see Robles-De-La-Torre 2006 ). TYPES OF PERCEPTION
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