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The original Five Patriarchs sat in Rome , Constantinople (now called Istanbul for secular purposes, but still called Constantinople in this ecclesiastical context), Alexandria , Antioch , and Jerusalem . In the East-West Schism of 1054, the one Latin-speaking patriarchate (Rome) and the four Greek-speaking patriarchates split, forming the hierarchies of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches respectively. The Patriarch Of Antioch moved to Damascus in the 13th Century , during the reign of the Egypt ian Mamelukes , conquerors of Syria . In Damascus a Christian community had flourished since Apostolic times ( Acts 9). However, the patriarchate is still called the Patriarch of Antioch.

A patriarchate has "legal Personality" in some legal Jurisdictions , that means it is treated as a Corporation . For example, the Orthodox Patriarchate Of Jerusalem filed a lawsuit in New York , decided in 1999 , against Christie's Auction House , disputing the ownership of the Archimedes Palimpsest .

The head of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church is also called a Patriarch.


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