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Information About

Operation Steel Tiger




  partof Second Indochina War
  caption ''Barrell Roll''/''Steel Tiger'' Areas of Operations
  date 3 April 1965 - 11 November 1968
  place Southeastern Laos
  combatant1 United States </br> Republic Of Vietnam
  combatant2 Democratic Republic Of Vietnam


Operation ''Steel Tiger'' was a covert U.S. 2nd Air Division , later Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction effort targeted against the infiltration of People's Army Of Vietnam (PAVN) men and materiel moving south from the Democratic Republic Of Vietnam (DRV or North Vietnam) through southeastern Laos to support their military effort in the Republic Of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam) during the Vietnam Conflict .

The operation was initiated by the 2d Air Division on 3 April 1965 , continued under the direction of the Seventh Air Force when that headquarters was created on 1 April 1966 , and was concluded on 11 November 1968 with the initiation of Operation Commando Hunt . The purpose of ''Steel Tiger'' was to impede the flow of men and materiel on the enemy logistical routes collectively known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Truong Son Strategic Supply Route to the North Vietnamese).

Bombing of the trail system had begun on 14 December 1964 with the advent of Operation Barrel Roll . Due to increasing U.S. intelligence of the build-up of regimental-size PAVN units operating in South Vietnam, the increased American military presence in that country, and the initiation of Operation Rolling Thunder , the systematic bombing of the DRV, American planners in Washington and Saigon decided that the bombing in southeastern Laos should be stepped up.

It was estimated by U.S. intelligence analysts that, during , the U.S. launched 400 B-52 Stratofortress anti-infiltration sorties against the trail system.Schlight, p. 55. By the end of 1967 and the absorption of ''Steel Tiger'' operations into Operation Commando Hunt , 103,148 tactical air sorties had been flown in Laos. These strikes were supplemented by 1,718 B-52 ''Arc Light'' strikes. During the same time frame, 132 U.S. aircraft or helicopters had been shot down over Laos.Jacob Van Staaveren, ''Interdiction in Southern Laos, 1961-1968''. Washington DC: Center of Air Force History, 1993, p. 287.


NOTES



REFERENCES

  • Littauer, Raphael and Normon Uphoff, eds, ''The Air War in Indochina''. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972.

  • Schlight, John, ''A War Too Long''. Washington DC: Center of Air Force History, 1993.

  • Van Staaveren, Jacob, ''Interdiction in Southern Laos: 1961-1968''. Washington DC: Center of Air Force History, 1993.