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Northeast Philadelphia ("the Northeast") is a section of the city of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . According to the 2000 Census, the Northeast has a sizable percentage of the city's 1.5 million people — a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. Beginning in the 1980's, many of the Northeast's Middle Class children graduated college and settled in suburbs, especially nearby Bucks County . With this emigration of older populations, a new influx of Hispanics have settled along the southern edges of the Northeast, while blacks and Asian immigrants have purchased homes in this once almost exclusively white area of the city. The neighborhoods that make up Northeast Philadelphia include Lawncrest , Rhawnhurst , Tacony , Frankford , Holme Circle , Holmesburg , Mayfair , Morrell Park , Oxford Circle , Bustleton , Torresdale , Parkwood , Somerton , Fox Chase and Pine Valley . It is sometimes said to include the neighborhoods of Bridesburg , Port Richmond , and Fishtown , as well. HISTORY Early settlement Growth in industry and farming While most of the land in what is now the Northeast was dedicated to farming, the presence of many creeks, along with proximity to Philadelphia proper, made the towns of the Northeast suitable for industrial development. The Northeast's first factory was the s, and traces of the Mill Race s and dams remain to this day. The most famous of these factories was the Disston Saw Works in Tacony , founded by English industrialist Henry Disston , whose saw blades were world-renowned. A Brief History of Tacony , Louis M. Iatarola Consolidation and population increase By 1854 , the entire County of Philadelphia was Incorporated into the City. In spite of the political incorporation, the Northeast retained its old development patterns for a time, and the dense populations and urban style of housing that marked older, more traditional sections of the city had not yet found their way there. In the first three decades of the 20th Century , rapid Industrialization , spurred by World War I and early industrial innovation, provided new income to industrial workers and helped foster the expansion of the middle and managerial classes. These demographic changes, along with the building of the Market-Frankford Line train and new arterial highways, such as the Roosevelt Boulevard , brought new middle class populations to the lower half of the Northeast. Vast tracts of Row Homes were built in that section of the Northeast for new arrivals in the 1920s and 1930s, typically with small, but valued front lawns, which impart a "garden suburb" quality to much of the Northeast, reducing the sense of physical density felt elsewhere in the city. Much of this development occurred along the southern edge of the Northeast (Northwood), east of Roosevelt Boulevard (Mayfair, Torresdale) and along the Northeast's western fringe (Burholme). Post-war growth in 1918, before the construction of the Frankford El .]]After World War II , newer arrivals, armed with the mortgage benefits of the GI Bill , brought the Baby Boom to the Northeast. This newer population was heavily Jewish or ethnic Catholic , and completed the development of the region, filling in undeveloped areas of Rhawnhurst and Bell's Corner and developing the previously rural Far Northeast. As older sections of the city lost populations of young families, the Northeast's school-age population swelled, requiring rapid expansion of schools, libraries, cinemas, shopping, transportation, restaurants and other needed amenities. The period from 1945 through the 1970s was marked in many American cities by urban decline in older, more industrial areas. This was especially true in Philadelphia, in which much of the city's North, West and South sections lost population, factories, jobs and commerce, especially associated with " White Flight ." During the postwar period, the Northeast experienced a heavy influx of growing middle class families, and had become an almost exclusively white community. This aroused controversy in the 1960s and '70s, as passions for and against School Busing were focused on the Northeast, to address racial imbalances, especially in the city's public schools. That racial imbalance was ultimately addressed by the upward mobility enjoyed by many of the graduates of the Northeast's excellent public and parochial school systems, who made their way out of the Northeast and into the suburbs from the 1980s onward, making room for new arrivals from the city's Latino , African American and Asian populations. A separate identity In the 1980s, the Northeast developed along a separate path from much of the rest of the city. In addition to the racial differences mentioned above, the political climate in the Northeast was balanced evenly between Republican s and Democrat s, while the rest of the city almost uniformly voted for the latter party. As a result, many Northeasters became more and more discontented with the high city taxes and a perceived imbalance in the services they received for them. This discontent grew sufficiently to give rise to a Secession ist movement, led by State Senator Hank Salvatore , among others. Salvatore introduced a bill in the State Senate to allow the Northeast to become a separate county, but the bill failed to progress beyond this stage. As the Philadelphia economy grew stronger, and the most discontented people fled to the suburbs, and a new, more popular mayor ( Ed Rendell ) was elected the call for secession waned, and the section settled back into life as a part of the city.See, e.g., Secede? The idea is faint, but not yet dead ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', Nov. 17, 2004 Today, the Northeast enjoys greater racial balance and relative stability. The region is uniformly developed, but like many American urban communities, it has witnessed the loss of manufacturing, factory conversions to marginal retail "outlets," and growing vacancies along shopping avenues, especially in the southern part of the region. With the recent tax advantages granted to new construction within the city limits, the Northeast has seen a growth in residential units on nearly any patch of available land. GEOGRAPHY Due to the size of the Northeast, the Philadelphia City Planning Commission divides it into two regions called "Near Northeast" and "Far Northeast", the names being derived from their distance from Center City . The term "Near Northeast" is not used colloquially ("Lower Northeast" is more commonly used), but the term "Far Northeast" is in widespread use. The demarcation line between the two sections is typically given as Cottman Avenue http://www.phila.gov/neighborhoods/Neighborhoods-Phila/Far_NE/far_ne.html. Northeast Philadelphia is bounded by the Delaware River on the east, Bucks County on the north, and Montgomery County on the west. The southern limit is given as Frankford/Tacony Creek or Adams Avenue.See Boundaries have evolved with the times ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', Nov. 17, 2004 POLITICAL REPRESENTATION , former Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives]]Unlike the rest of Philadelphia (a solidly Democratic city) there is lively competition between Republican s and Democrat s in the Northeast. While Democrats running for federal office have been more successful of late, Republicans and Democrats both currently represent the Northeast in the State House of Representatives and in the Philadelphia City Council . Almost all of Northeast Philadelphia is in the 13th Congressional District of Pennsylvania, and is currently represented by Allyson Schwartz . Some small parts of the section fall into the 1st, 2nd, or 8th districts. This National Atlas map shows the district boundaries. In the Pennsylvania State Senate , most of the Northeast is in the 5th district, represented by Michael J. Stack, III . There are a number of State House of Representative districts in the Northeast, including that of Dennis M. O'Brien , the Speaker of the Pennsylvania House Of Representatives , and John M. Perzel , the former Speaker. In the resides in the Northeast and is president of the Greater Northeast Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce.2 LOCAL BUSINESSES AND ATTRACTIONS Northeast Philadelphia had been tested out as a region of manufacturing for a time, but with its not being best suitable for this environmentally and geographically, at least north of Tacony, such efforts arose and fell, including along the Delaware River " Rust Belt ." Today, commercial businesses are predominate in this section of the city. Northeast Philadelphia is home to Franklin Mills Mall , one of the most visited attractions in the state. The lower sections of the Northeast still boast pleasant shopping avenues lined by stores and restaurants, such as Castor Avenue. Major shopping centers along Cottman Avenue include, the Cottman-Bustleton Center, and the Roosevelt Mall which opened in 1964 at Cottman Avenue and the Roosevelt Boulevard. Also present in the Northeast are two nationally recognized medical establishments, Friends Hospital and Fox Chase Cancer Center . EDUCATION Colleges and universities The main campus of Holy Family University is located in Northeast Philadelphia. The university, founded in 1954, has more than two thousand students. Holy Family University homepage Primary and secondary schools Public schools School District Of Philadelphia operates public schools in the area. Public high schools in the area include Northeast, Abraham Lincoln, Frankford , and George Washington. Private schools Private high schools in Northeast Philadelphia include Archbishop Ryan, Father Judge, Nazareth Academy and Saint Hubert's. NEWS MEDIA Two free weekly newspapers, the '''' and '' Philadelphia Daily News '', both dailies, are widely read. RECREATION Northeast Philadelphia is known more than anything else by the Pennypack Creek , which runs through Pennypack Park . The park's 1,600 acres of woodlands slice across the middle of the Northeast, and serve as a natural oasis amid the dense city streets. The park is home to the oldest stone arch bridge still in use in the United States, built in 1697 on what is now Frankford Avenue. Historic Pennypack Park: An oasis for all seasons , ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', Nov. 17, 2004. The Frankford Avenue Bridge: Bridging the Past to the Future for 300 Years The section is also home to many playgrounds and smaller parks, including Burholme Park. TRANSPORTATION The Northeast's main highways are Interstate 95 and Roosevelt Boulevard ( US 1 ). Secondary major arteries include Cottman Avenue ( PA 73 ), Frankford Avenue ( US 13 ), Woodhaven Road ( PA 63 ), Grant Avenue, Oxford Avenue ( PA-232 ), State Road, Bustleton Avenue ( PA-532 ), Bridge Street, Aramingo Avenue, and Academy Road. The Tacony-Palmyra Bridge , the only Delaware River crossing in Philadelphia not operated by the Delaware River Port Authority (thus resulting in a cheaper toll), allows one to drive between the Tacony section of the city and Palmyra, New Jersey . Burlington County Bridge Commission [http://www.bcbridges.org/bridge_info/tacony.asp webpage] about the Tacony-Palmyra Bridge. The Northeast is also served by SEPTA's Market-Frankford Line (and acts as the easternmost terminus of the line at the newly refurbished Frankford Transportation Center ), and three Commuter Rail lines. Many SEPTA bus routes run through the Northeast, although north-south buses run more frequently than west-east ones. Most north-south routes terminate at the Frankford Transportation Center.See this SEPTA map of the Frankford Transportation Center One of two airports that serve Philadelphia, Northeast Philadelphia Airport (PNE), is located in this section of the city. PNE is the sixth busiest airport in Pennsylvania. 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