Information AboutNew York Times |
''The New York Times'' is a daily Newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. It is owned by The New York Times Company , which publishes 15 other newspapers, including the '' International Herald Tribune '' and '' The Boston Globe ''. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States . Nicknamed the "Gray Lady" for its staid appearance and style, it is often regarded as a national Newspaper Of Record , meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the official and authoritative reference for modern events.2 Founded in 1851, the newspaper has won 95 Pulitzer Prize s, far more than any other newspaper. The newspaper's name is often abbreviated to The ''Times'', but should not be confused with '' The Times '', which is published in London , or the many other publications that also use the shorter designation, including the '' Los Angeles Times ''. Its famous motto, always printed in the upper left-hand corner of the front page, is "All the News That's Fit to Print." The current publisher is by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. , a member of the family that has controlled the paper since 1896. HISTORY , 1944 announces the beginning of the Battle Of Normandy ]] ''The New York Times'' was founded on September 18 , 1851 by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones as the ''New-York Daily Times''. The paper switched its name to ''The New York Times'' in 1857. The newspaper was originally published every day but Sunday, but during the Civil War the ''Times'' (along with other major dailies) started publishing Sunday issues. The paper's growing influence was seen when, in 1870 and 1871, a series of ''Times'' exposés targeting Boss Tweed ended the Tweed Ring 's domination of New York's City Hall . ''The New York Times'' Company: ''New York Times Timeline'' 1851-1880 In the 1880s, the ''Times'' transitioned from supporting Republican candidates to becoming a politically independent paper; in 1884, the paper supported Grover Cleveland in his first presidential election. While this move initially hurt the ''Times's'' readership, the paper regained most of its lost ground within a few years. The ''Times'' was acquired by Adolph Ochs , publisher of ''The Chattanooga Times '', in 1896. In 1897, he coined the paper's celebrated slogan, "All The News That's Fit To Print," widely interpreted as a jab at competing papers in New York City (the '' New York World '' and the '' New York Journal American '') that were known for lurid Yellow Journalism . Under his guidance, ''The New York Times'' achieved an international scope, circulation, and reputation. The paper moved its headquarters to 42nd Street in 1904, giving its name to Times Square . It was here that the New Year's Eve tradition of lowering a Lighted Ball from the Times building was started by the paper. After only nine years in Times Square, the paper relocated to 229 West 43rd Street. It remained there until the spring of 2007, and is now three blocks south, at 620 Eighth Avenue. (The original Times Square building, now known as One Times Square , was sold in 1961.) During the next two decades, the ''Times'' made use of new technology to obtain news and deliver it to readers. In 1904, the ''Times'' received the first on-the-spot Wireless transmission from a naval battle, a report of the destruction of the Russian fleet at the Battle Of Port Arthur in the Yellow Sea during the Russo-Japanese War . In 1910, the first air delivery of the ''Times'' to Philadelphia began. The ''Times''' first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred in 1919. Finally, in 1920, a "4 A.M. Airplane Edition" was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the paper extended its breadth and its reach. The Crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section started in 1946. The ''Times'' also began an international edition in 1946. (It stopped publishing it in 1967, when it joined with the owners of the '' New York Herald Tribune '' and '' The Washington Post '' to publish the '' International Herald Tribune '' in Paris .) The paper even bought a classical radio station ( WQXR ) in 1946. The New York Times reduced page width to 12 inches from 13.5 inches on August 6, 2007, adopting the width that has become the newspaper industry standard. 3 Times v. Sullivan The paper's involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring about one of the key United States Supreme Court decisions supporting the Freedom Of The Press , '' New York Times Co. V. Sullivan ''. In the case, the United States Supreme Court established the actual malice standard for press reports to be considered defamatory or libelous. It is one of the key decisions supporting the freedom of the press. The actual malice standard requires that the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case prove that the publisher of the statement in question knew that the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. Because of the extremely high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and the difficulty in proving essentially what is inside a person's head, such cases — when they involve public figures — rarely, if ever prevail. Pentagon Papers In 1971, the Pentagon Papers , a top-secret United States Department Of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1971, were given ("leaked") to Neil Sheehan of The New York Times by former State Department official Daniel Ellsberg , with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying them. The Times began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13. Controversy and lawsuits followed. The Papers revealed, among other things, that the government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting air strikes over Laos, raids along the coast of North Vietnam , and offensive actions taken by U.S. Marines well before the American public was told about the actions, and while President Lyndon Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility gap for the U.S. government, and was seen as hurting the efforts by the Nixon Administration to fight the war. When the Times began publishing its series, President Nixon became incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger that day included "people have gotta be put to the torch for this sort of thing..." and "let's get the son-of-a-bitch in jail." After failing to get the Times to voluntarily stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President Nixon requested and obtained a federal court injunction that the Times cease the publication of excerpts. The Times appealed the injunction that was issued, and the case began (quickly) working its way through the court system. On June 18, 1971 the Washington Post began publishing its own series of articles. Ben Bagdikian, a Post editor, had obtained portions of the Papers from Ellsberg. That day the Post received a call from the Assistant Attorney General, William Rehnquist , asking them to stop publishing the documents. When the Post refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed. On June 26, 1971 the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into the case New York Times Co. V. United States 403 U.S. 713 . On June 30, 1971 the Supreme Court held in a 6-3 decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had not met the heavy burden of proof required for prior restraint. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it was a lukewarm victory at best, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security are at stake. Pulitzer Prizes See Also: Pulitzer Prizes awarded to the New York Times' staff The ''Times'' has won 95 Pulitzer Prizes , far more than any other newspaper. Famous mistakes On January 13 , 1920 , a ''New York Times'' editorial on page 12 entitled "A Severe Strain on Credulity" ridiculed Robert Goddard and his claim that a Rocket would work in space: :That Professor Goddard, with his "chair" in Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, and the countenancing of the Smithsonian Institution , does not know the relation of action to reaction, and of the need to have something better than a vacuum against which to react – to say that would be absurd. Of course he only seems to lack the knowledge ladled out daily in high schools. On July 17 , 1969 , days before '' Apollo 11 '''s landing on the moon, the newspaper published on page 43 a tongue-in-cheek correction: :Further investigation and experimentation have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th century, and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error. On November 15 , 1992 , the ''Times'' published a list of Slang terms (known as " Grunge Speak ") that were supposedly used in the Seattle Grunge scene. This was later proven to be a Hoax created by Megan Jasper, a sales representative for Sub Pop Records . On several occasions the ''Times'' has erroneously published Premature Obituaries , including:
Historical controversies The paper, like many news organizations, has often been accused of giving too little or too much coverage to various events for reasons not related to objective journalism. One of these allegations is that before and during World War II , the newspaper downplayed accusations that the Third Reich had targeted Jews for Expulsion and Genocide , at least in part because the publisher, who was Jewish, feared the taint of taking on any 'Jewish cause'.4 Another serious charge is the accusation that the Times, through its coverage of the Soviet Union by correspondent Walter Duranty helped to cover up the Ukrainian Genocide perpetrated by Joseph Stalin in the 1930s.56 In 1965, the Times published a story about a Jewish man turned Neo-Nazi, Dan Burros . Burros killed himself only minutes after the paper came out with the story.7 The Times has been accused by (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting), February 1998 Until 2004 the ''Times'' had a policy of not using the term Armenian Genocide .8 Despite publishing dozens of articles about the Armenian Genocide,9 the ''Times'' for a period shied away from using the term in its articles as part of its editorial policy. The Turkish Government still denies Genocide occurred, and the United States has not officially recognized it, though many states have done so. ''Times'' columnist and former reporter Nicholas D. Kristof , who is of Armenian descent, has criticized in his ''Times'' column the ongoing denial of the Armenian Genocide by the Turkish government. THE ''TIMES'' TODAY ''The New York Times'' is trailing in circulation only to '' USA Today '' (which is often distributed to thousands of hotel rooms nationwide) and '' The Wall Street Journal ''. It has traditionally printed full transcripts of major speeches and debates. The newspaper is currently owned by The New York Times Company , in which descendants of Ochs , principally the Sulzberger Family , maintain a dominant role. Since winning its first Pulitzer Prize ,10 in 1918 for its World War I reporting, the ''Times'' has won 94 Pulitzer Prizes, including a record seven in 2002. In 1971 it broke the Pentagon Papers story, publishing leaked documents revealing that the U.S. government had been painting an unrealistically rosy picture of the progress of the Vietnam War . This led to '' New York Times Co. V. United States '' (1971), which declared the government's Prior Restraint of the classified documents was unconstitutional. More recently, in 2004 the ''Times'' won a Pulitzer award for a series written by David Barstow and Lowell Bergman on employers and workplace safety issues. The ''Times'' has been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,11 in common with a general trend among print newsmedia. At the end of 2005 it had over 350 full time reporters and about 40 photographers, in addition to hundreds of free-lance contributors who work for the paper more occasionally. The ''Times'' is based in New York City . It has 16 news bureaus in the New York region, 11 national news bureaus and 26 foreign news bureaus.12 In recent years, it has sought to strengthen its status as a national newspaper by increasing its number of printing locations to twenty, allowing early morning distribution in many additional markets. In March 2007, the paper reported a circulation of roughly 1,120,420 copies on weekdays and 1,627,062 copies on Sundays.13 In the New York City metropolitan area, the paper costs $1.25 Monday through Saturday and $4.00 on Sunday. Elsewhere the Sunday edition costs $5.00. New home delivery subscribers may receive a discount. {Link without Title} The newspaper continues to own classical WQXR (96.3 FM) and formerly owned its AM sister, WQEW (1560 AM). The classical format was simulcast on both frequencies until the early 1990s, when the big-band and standards format of WNEW-AM (now WBBR ) moved from 1130 AM to 1560. The AM station changed its call letters from WQXR to WQEW. By the beginning of the 21st century, ''The Times'' had begun leasing WQEW to ABC Radio for its Radio Disney format, which continues on 1560 AM to this day. Disney became the owner of WQEW in 2007. The ''Times'' had a separate Television guide from March 1988 to April 2006. It was the last major newspaper to not outsource its , Gene Rondinaro , Tim Sastrowardoyo , Neil Genzlinger and Anita Gates . A new headquarters for the newspaper, a Skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano , was occupied in June 2007 at 620 Eighth Avenue , between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan . 14 Web presence The ''Times'' has had a strong presence on the Web since 1995, and has been ranked one of the top Web sites. It has a general policy of keeping articles freely available for one week and charging a fee for access to older articles. Accessing some articles requires registration, though this restriction can be bypassed by using a link generator or in some cases through ''Times'' RSS feeds.http://nytimes.blogspace.com/genlink The website had 555 million pageviews in March 2005.15 For the month of March 2006, NYTimes.com had 11.6 million unique visitors; it continues to rank as the number one newspaper site. NYT Company consolidation (which includes About.com ) is the 12th most-visited parent company, with 37.7 million unique visitors.16 In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as ''TimesSelect'', which encompassed many previously free columns. Currently, ''TimesSelect'' costs $7.95 per month or $49.95 per year,17 though it is free for print copy subscribers and university students and faculty.1819 To work around this, bloggers have often reposted TimesSelect material,20 and at least one site once compiled links of reprinted material.21 ''Times'' columnists including Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman have criticized ''TimesSelect'',2223 with Friedman going so far as to say "I hate it. It pains me enormously because it’s cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India ... I feel totally cut off from my audience."24 The ''Times'' is also the first newspaper to offer a Video Game as part of their editorial content, '' Food Import Folly '' by Persuasive Games 25. In August 2007 the ''Times'' website had a scripting problem that prevented many users of Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox from successfully navigating around the homepage. After several weeks, and complaints from numerous website users, the ''Times'' fixed the problem. Major sections The newspaper is organized in three sections including the magazine: ;1. News : Includes International , National , Washington , Business , Technology , Science , Health , Sport s, New York Region , Education , Weather , and Obituaries . ;2. Opinion : Includes Editorial s, Op-Ed s and Letters To The Editor . ;3. Features : Includes Arts , Movies , Theater , Travel , NYC Guide, Dining & Wine , Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword , '' The New York Times Book Review '', '' The New York Times Magazine '', and Week in Review Style When referring to people, the ''Times'' generally uses Courtesy Titles , rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages, where last names stand alone). Its headlines tend to be verbose, and, for major stories, come with subheadings giving further details, although it is moving away from this style. It stayed with an 8-column format years after other papers had switched to 6, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16 , 1997 . In the absence of a major headline, the day's most important story generally appears in the top-righthand column, on the main page. The Typeface s used for the headlines include Cheltenham . The text is set in Imperial . Comics Aside from a weekly roundup of reprints of Editorial Cartoons from other newspapers, the Times does not have its own staff editorial cartoonist, nor does it feature a comics page or Sunday Comics section. Modern controversies See Also: Criticism of The New York Times The Times is often accused of liberal bias [http://www.edmontonsun.com/Comment/2007/08/25/4445491-sun.html [http://www.postchronicle.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=26&num=95878 . In summer 2004, the newspaper's then public editor ( Ombudsman ), Daniel Okrent , wrote a piece on the ''Times'' Okrent did not comment at length on the issue of bias in coverage of "hard news", such as fiscal policy, foreign policy, or civil liberties. Okrent noted that the paper's coverage of the Iraq War was, among other things, insufficiently critical of the George W. Bush administration ( Main Article ). In May 2005 Okrent was succeeded by Byron Calame . Additionally in a post- Jayson Blair report to Bill Keller ,27 a committee of ''Times'' employees noted: ''The New York Times'' is printed at the following sites: Ann Arbor , Michigan ; Austin , Texas ; Atlanta , Georgia ; Billerica , Massachusetts ; Canton , Ohio ; Chicago, Illinois ; Columbia , Missouri ; College Point , New York ; Concord , California ; Dayton , Ohio ; Denver , Colorado ; Fort Lauderdale , Florida ; Gastonia , North Carolina ; Edison , New Jersey ; Spartanburg , South Carolina ; Lakeland , Florida ; Phoenix , Arizona ; Minneapolis , Minnesota ; Springfield , Virginia ; Kent , Washington ; Torrance , California and Toronto, Canada . Ownership The Ochs - Sulzberger family, one of the country's great newspaper dynasties, have owned the Times since 1896. After the publisher went public in the 1960s, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders cannot vote on many important matters relating to the company, while Class B shareholders can vote on all matters. Dual-class structures caught on in the mid-20th century as families such as the Grahams of the Washington Post Company sought to gain access to public capital without losing control. Dow Jones & Co., publisher of The Wall Street Journal, has a similar structure and is controlled by the Bancroft family. Many regard family ownership as a way to promote journalistic excellence by insulating newsroom decisions from short-term financial pressures. Major Class A shareholders, as of December 31, 2006, include the Sulzberger family (19%), T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (14.99%), Private Capital Management Inc. (9.34%), MFS Investment Management (8.28%) and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (7.15%).28 The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88% of the company's class B shares. Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The Trust board members are Daniel H. Cohen , James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick , Susan W. Dryfoos , Michael Golden , Eric M. A. Lax , Arthur O. Sulzberger, Jr. and Cathy J. Sulzberger. Current management and employees Publisher
Masthead Department heads Bureau chiefs Columnists Other notable personnel
Former management and employees Publishers
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