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New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island is the most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the Third Most Populous in the world (after Tokyo , and Mexico City ). The Metropolitan Area is defined by the United States Census Bureau as the ''New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)'', with an estimated population (as of 2005) of 18,747,320. The MSA is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 23-county metropolitan area includes ten counties in New York State , including the five boroughs of New York City , both counties of Long Island , and three in the lower Hudson Valley , twelve counties in northern New Jersey , and one county in northeastern Pennsylvania . The largest Urbanized Area in the United States is at the heart of the metropolitan area, the ''New York--Newark, NY--NJ--CT Urbanized Area'' (with a population of 17,799,861 as of the 2000 Census ). Based on commuting patterns, the Census Bureau also defines a wider functional metropolitan area, the ''New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area (CSA)'' with an estimated population of 21,903,623 (as of 2005). About one out of every fourteen Americans resides in this metropolitan area. This area includes seven additional counties in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut , and is often referred to as the Tri-state Area and less commonly the Tri-State Region , leaving out Pennsylvania . However, the New York City television Designated Market Area (DMA) includes Pike County, Pennsylvania . This extended metropolitan area includes the largest city in the United States ( New York ), the five largest cities in New Jersey ( Newark , Jersey City , Elizabeth , Paterson , and Trenton ) and the two largest cities in Connecticut ( Bridgeport and New Haven ). The total land area of the extended metropolitan area is 11,842 sq. mi. (30,671 km²). Three Ivy League institutions— Columbia University (New York City), Princeton University (Princeton, NJ), and Yale University (New Haven, CT)—are located in the New York metropolitan area. COMPONENTS OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA The counties and county groupings comprising the New York metropolitan area are listed below with 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates of their populations. New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (18,709,802)
In addition to the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the following Metropolitan Statistical Areas are also included in the New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area (total pop. 21,903,623):
Many residents informally divide the area into five distinct regions, each closely related but all with some degree of an independent identity:
All five areas can be (and often are) further divided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into the South and North Shores (usually when speaking about Nassau County), Western Suffolk, and the East End. Note: The Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs, largely because of the shared usage of Metro-North Railroad. Note: Sixty-three percent of the population (13,730,534) lives in the 43% of the land area that is east of the Ambrose Channel / The Narrows / Hudson River ; Thirty-seven percent of the population (8,128,296) lives in the 57% of the land area that is west of the Ambrose Channel / The Narrows / Hudson River . URBAN AREAS OF THE REGION The combined statistical area is a multicore metropolitan region containing several Urban Area s. PRINCIPAL CITIES The following is a list of principal cities in the New York-Newark-Bridgeport Combined Statistical Area with 2005 U.S. Census Bureau estimates of their population:
SPORTS TEAMS Listing of the Professional Sports teams in the New York metropolitan area
TRANSPORTATION Commuter rail The metropolitan area is partly defined by the areas from which people commute into the city. New York City is served by three primary Commuter Train systems plus Amtrak. The (MTA), an agency of New York State . Its three major terminals are Pennsylvania Station (New York) , Flatbush Avenue and Hunterspoint Avenue. It has a major transfer point at Jamaica Station . A map of the system can be found here . , but in conjunction with the Connecticut Department of Transportation and New Jersey Transit . Its major terminal is Grand Central Terminal . Trains on the Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line access terminals at Hoboken Terminal and at Pennsylvania Station (New York City) via Secaucus Junction . A map of the system can be found here . , Hoboken Terminal and Pennsylvania Station (Newark) . A major transfer point is Secaucus Junction . New Jersey transit also operates a light rail system in Hudson County , as well as the Newark Light Rail . A map can be found here . Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor offers service to Philadelphia , New Haven , and other points between and including Boston and Washington, D.C. . Major stations in the metropolitan area are: The following table shows all train lines operated by these commuter railroads in the New York metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit operates an additional train line in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. (Shown counterclockwise from the Atlantic Ocean ): Additionally, the Port Authority Of New York And New Jersey , an agency of the states of New York and New Jersey , operates the PATH system. This heavy rail transportation service serves the counties of New York , Hudson and Essex . A map can be found here . Major highways Some of the major freeways/expressways carrying commuter traffic in and out of New York City are:
Commuter bus New Jersey Transit and several other companies operate commuter coaches into the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan, and many other bus services in New Jersey. Bus services also operate in other nearby counties in the states of New York and Connecticut, but most terminate at a subway terminal or other rail station. Major airports The metropolitan area is served by three major airports: See also ETHNIC DIVERSITY Since its foundation as the mercantile colony of New Netherland the metropolitan area has been noted for ethnic diversity. Beginning in the later 19th Century, the New York Area was in large degree divided among Italians , Irish , German , Polish , and Jew ish populations. African American s also have a long-standing presence due to the slave trade, and increased again at the end of the 19th Century with the arrival of waves of internal migrants from the Southern United States . Thanks to successive waves of immigration, begun in earnest in the 19th Century and continuing today, the area's diversity continues to grow. The states of New York , New Jersey , and Connecticut are all ranked among the top 10 fastest-growing immigration states in America, and great numbers of recent immigrants from across East Asia , Latin America , and the Caribbean now call the New York metropolitan area home. While prominent ethnic neighborhoods in the region are too numerous to list, there are multiple neighborhoods with large Dominican , Puerto Rican , Colombian , Chinese , Filipino , Russian , Korean , India n, and Pakistani populations, as well as Italian , Irish , and Polish communities. The cuisines of virtually every major ethnic group on the planet are at least partially represented in the area, with the culinary landscape of New York changing slightly from year to year as new arrivals settle in. The New York metropolitan area hosts a religious diversity in line with its ethnic diversity. Houses of worship exist for numerous Christian denominations, especially Catholicism but also various churches within both Orthodoxy and Protestantism . New York has a large Jewish population, and is a major center of Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism , and is home to the headquarters of many Hasidic movements, particularly in the borough of Brooklyn . Hinduism , Islam , Buddhism , Sikhism , Taoism , and many other world religions have formal houses of worship in the area. Along with these religions, there are also many people who practice no religion at all. LOCAL POLITICS Citizens of the Tri-state area have voted Democrat in past elections. Spiraling crime rates and the inner-city Crack Cocaine epidemic of the 1970s and 80s became a concern. Public backlash ushered in an era of strong policing and determined leadership under New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani in the mid to late 1990's. Violent crime in the city dropped to levels not seen since the 1950s, and among the lowest levels in history. As a result, a new synthesis has begun to emerge across the metropolitan area. New Yorkers often vote liberal and appreciate the need to protect their way of life from Terrorism , violent crime, and economic malaise. The Attacks Of September 11th made New Yorkers more security-minded. Four of the city's five boroughs ( Manhattan , The Bronx , Brooklyn , and Queens ) have voted predominantly Democratic Party . One, ( Staten Island ), has voted Republican . The city has elected two Republican mayors, Rudolph Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg , consecutively since 1994. Both were liberal Republicans, and were Democrats and independents at various points in their careers. The majority of congressmen and city council members are Democratic. Urban areas of adjacent New Jersey have voted predominantly Democratic, including the counties of Hudson, Essex, Union, Passaic, and Mercer. The suburban areas of the New York metropolitan region are divided between being represented by Democrats and Republicans-- at least in local and state politics. However, many of these suburbs have been trending strongly toward the Democrats in recent years, especially in Nassau , Suffolk , and Westchester , and many other places were Republican. For federal offices, there has been a preference for Democrats in the New York region. Parts of Bergen County, New Jersey and Morris County, New Jersey remain Republican-leaning. Overall, Greater New York's voters voted for John Kerry , by 59.20% (''4,772,314'') to 39.67% (''3,197,970'') for George W. Bush in 2004. In details, New York City voters overwhelmingly favored Kerry by 75% (''1,828,015'') to 24% (''587,534'') for the incumbent, while suburban voters gave only a slim margin to the Democratic candidate, with 52.36% (''2,944,299'') of the vote for Kerry, to 46.42% (''2,610,436'') for Bush, though Kerry's margin in Westchester was among the largest anywhere in New York outside the city proper. While not all areas are equally safe, the New York Metro Area is overall one of the safest areas to live in. Long Island, New York was rated safest per-capita in 2005, followed by Middlesex and Monmouth counties in New Jersey. New York City itself has been ranked by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as the safest big city in the United States in recent years. - The New York Metro area is the second most expensive place to live in the United States, the city itself being the most costly, with many of its suburbs close behind. - Westchester, Rockland, and Putnam Counties, New York; Fairfield County, Connecticut; Nassau County, New York and Bergen County, New Jersey are among America's wealthiest counties. - Many families live in the suburbs and commute to jobs in the city. Most school districts in New York City itself and other nearby Inner City communities have a reputation for being unsatisfactory. Some districts in the wealthier suburbs are considered very effective and among the best in the entire country. In some of the Connecticut and especially the New Jersey suburbs, this is achieved with lower costs of living than the city itself (especially Manhattan). REFERENCES
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