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:''This page specifically pertains to fascism after World War II. For Nazi movements after World War II, see Neo-Nazism . Neo-fascism is a post- World War II Ideology that includes significant elements of Fascism . The term ''neo-fascist'' may apply to groups that express a specific admiration for Benito Mussolini and fascist Italy . Neo-fascism usually includes Nationalism , Nativism , Anti-communism , and opposition to the Parliamentary System and Liberal Democracy . Allegations that a group is neo-fascist may be hotly contested, especially if the term is used as a Politic Epithet . Some post-World War II regimes have been described as neo-fascist due to their Authoritarian nature, and sometimes due to their fascination for fascist Ideology and rituals. Latin America 's tradition of Populism and authoritarian regimes includes the Caudillo s of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and the various Military Junta s that took power during the Cold War . Most of the juntas were traditional military Dictatorship s, and some of these regimes provided refuge to Former Nazi s (such as Adolf Eichmann ), and supported neo-fascist movements (e.g. the Argentinian '' Triple A ''). ARGENTINA Argentina ( 1946 - 1955 and 1973 - 1974 ) - Juan Perón admired Mussolini and established his own pseudo-fascist regime, although it has been more often considered a right-wing Populist . After he died, his third wife and vice-president Isabel Perón was deposed by a military Junta , after a short interreign characterized by support to the neo-fascist Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (''la Triple A'') terrorist group. Videla 's junta, which participated in Operation Condor , supported various neo-fascist and Right-wing Terrorist movements; the SIDE supported Meza Tejada's ''Cocaine Coup'' in Bolivia and trained the Contras in Nicaragua . BOLIVIA Luis García Meza Tejada 's regime took power during the 1980 ''Cocaine Coup'' in Bolivia with the help of Italian neo-fascist Stefano Delle Chiaie , Nazi War Criminal Klaus Barbie and the Buenos Aires Junta . That regime has been accused of neo-fascist tendencies and of admiration for Nazi paraphernalia and rituals. Hugo Banzer Suárez , who preceded Tejada, also displayed admiration towards Nazism and fascism. GREECE See also Neo-Nazism In Greece Neo-fascism in Greece has been present in Greek politics since the authoritarian regime of Ioannis Metaxas , though with limited popularity among the public. During the 1950s and 1960s, Greek neo-fascists composed extremist fractions, one of which was responsible for the killing of politician Gregoris Lambrakis . In 1967, the Greek military Junta of George Papadopoulos found inspiration in the Metaxas period ( Greek Fascism ) of 1936-1941 and gathered many Greeks of a neo-fascist mentality to power. A decade after the restoration of democracy in 1974, former Junta leader George Papadopoulos founded and lead the National Political Union, a party supporting, if not neo-fascism, at least Authoritarian views and the ideal of "Ellas ton Ellinon Christianon" (Greece of Greek-Orthodox Greeks).The Greek neo-fascists were greatly alienated though, but continued to existed in fringe minority parties, very rarely achieving parliament seats. In the early 80's Nikolaos Michaloliakos , a former Greek Army parachutist and youth leader of the National Political Union founded Hrisi Avgi , an extreme Neo-Nazi party. Colonels' Junta In Greece (1967-1974) - This regime was often adjectived as "fascist", even if the regime's nature was not fascist, but military-based, anti-communist, ultra-nationalist and authoritarian.1 The Greek Communist Party in exile proclaimed the junta to be a "monarcho-fascist" instigation of the United States. GUATEMALA Guatemala (1953-1980s) - Mario Sandoval Alarcón , a self-identified fascist, headed the National Liberation Movement after a ''coup d'état'', supported by the US, overthrew the democratic government of Col. Jacobo Arbenz . Sandoval became known as the "godfather of the death squads" during the Guatemalan military's 30-year counter-insurgency campaign and at one point served as Guatemala's vice president. IRAN Iran ( 1950 - 1953 ) - Under the Iranian National Front , during the regime of Mohammad Mossadegh , attacks on the political left were led by right-wing groups with fascistic elements including the Iranian Nation Party , led by Dariush Forouhar ; the Sumka (The National Socialist Iranian Workers Party) led by Dr. Davud Monshizadeh ; and Kabud (Iranian Nazi Party) founded by Habibollah Nobakht . ITALY See Also: History of Italy as a Republic Italy was broadly divided into two political blocs following World War II, the Christian Democracy , which remained in power until the 1980s, and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), very strong immediately after the war but which was expulsed from power in May 1947 , a month before the Paris Conference on the Marshall Plan , along with the French Communist Party (PCF). Despite attempts in the 1970s towards a " Historic Compromise " between the PCI and the DC, the PCI didn't take part in the executive power until the 1980s. In December 1970, Junio Valerio Borghese attempted, along with Stefano Delle Chiaie, the '' Borghese Coup '' which was supposed to install a neo-fascist regime. Neo-fascist groups took part in various False Flag terrorist attacks, starting with the December 1969 Piazza Fontana Massacre , for which Vincenzo Vinciguerra was convicted, and usually considered to have stop with the 1980 Bologna Railway Bombing . A 2000 parliamentary report from the center-left Olive Tree coalition concluded that "the Strategy Of Tension had been supported by the United States in order to impede the PCI, and, in a lesser measure, the PSI from reaching executive power". Since the 1990s, Alleanza Nazionale , led by Gianfranco Fini , has distanced itself from Mussolini and fascism and made efforts to improve relations with Jewish groups, with most die-hards leaving it; it now seeks to present itself as a respectable rightwing party. As a result, Alessandra Mussolini , grand-daughter of Mussolini, left to form '' Freedom Of Action ''. Lega Nord led by Umberto Bossi is primarily a Regionalist Secessionist movement, but has often been accused of xenophobia and racism; it has presented its goals as a more moderate quest for local autonomy. LEBANON Lebanon (1982-1988) - The right wing Christian Phalangist Party "Kataeb", backed by its own private army and inspired by the Spanish Falangists, was nominally in power in the country during the 1980s but had limited authority over the highly factionalised state, two-thirds of which was controlled by Israeli and Syrian troops. TURKEY Alparslan Türkeş ' Grey Wolves movement, the youth organization of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) founded in 1969, claims to be inspired by Italian fascist Giovanni Gentile 's " Actual Idealism " theory. It is a pan-Turkish party which advocates the creation of the Turan , the "Great Turkish Empire", including all Turkic Peoples mainly in the successor Central-Asian countries of the former Soviet Union as well as China (the Uyghurs of East Turkestan ). Alparslan Türkeş thus went to activities, including supporting Azeri forces in the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict and preventing the showing of Ararat , a film about the Armenian Genocide , in Turkey.http://adl.hayway.org/default_zone/gb/html/page3590.html UNITED STATES See also Neo-Nazism In The USA Movements identified as neo-fascist would generally include all U.S. neo-Nazi groups including the National Alliance and the American Nazi Party . The presence or absence of Fascism or fascistic elements in the United States since the Second World War has been a matter of long-dispute from a variety of political viewpoints. Some have argued though that American economic policies have had fascist elements since the New Deal . This is further discussed in the New Deal and Fascism And Ideology articles. Few scholars support these claims. Noam Chomsky , professor of linguistics at MIT, has warned that people in the U.S. need to remain vigilant to keep America from drifting towards fascism.http://bunker.defcode.com/index.php/2003/12/14/p95 In several essays, author David Neiwert has explored the rise of what he calls “pseudo-fascism”. Neiwert concedes that “American democracy has not yet reached the genuine stage of crisis required for full-blown fascism to take root” and thus “the current phenomenon cannot properly be labeled ‘fascism’.” He warns: :But what is so deeply disturbing about the current state of the conservative movement the United States is that it has otherwise plainly adopted not only many of the cosmetic traits of fascism, its larger architecture -- derived from its core impulses — now almost exactly replicates that by which fascists came to power in Italy and Germany in the 1920s and '30s.http://dneiwert.blogspot.com/2004/11/holiday-break.html In his ''Free Inquiry'' magazine article “Fascism, Anyone?”,http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=britt_23_2 's list of 14 characteristics of Fascism, originally published 1995. INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS Several in December 1995 before judge Maria Servini de Cubria, stating that Enrique Arancibia Clavel (a former Chilean secret police agent prosecuted for crimes against humanity in 2004) and US expatriate DINA agent Michael Townley were directly involved in General Carlos Prats ' assassination. Michael Townley was sentenced in Italy to 15 years of prison for having served as intermediary between the DINA and the Italian neo-fascists.http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2000/05/22/mun6.html The regimes of terrorist Luis Posada Carriles was condemned for the Cubana Flight 455 bombing on October 6 , 1976 . According to the '' Miami Herald '', this bombing was decided on at the same meeting during which it was decided to target Chile an former minister Orlando Letelier , who was assassination on September 21 , 1976 . Carriles wrote in his autobiography:
ALLEGED NEO-FASCIST GROUPS
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