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The extent of official recognition of national academies varies between countries. In some cases they are explicitly or de facto an arm of government; in others, as in the United Kingdom , they are voluntary, Non-profit bodies with which government has agreed to negotiate, and which may receive government financial support while retaining substantial independence. In the countries of the former Soviet Union , and in the People's Republic Of China , the national academies have considerable power over policy and personnel in their areas. There is however a growing consensus among international federations of learned academies that bona fide national (or learned) academies need to adhere to certain criteria:
DIFFERENT MODELS In some countries, a single academy covers all disciplines; an example is France . In others, there are several academies, which work together more or less closely; for example, Australia . ACADEMIES BY COUNTRY
Within most countries, the unqualified phrase "National Academy" will normally refer to that country's academy. Within the United States, the plural phrase "National Academies" is widely understood to refer to the US National Academies. |
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