Information AboutMysql |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT MYSQL | |
| database management systems | |
| open source database management systems | |
| fsf---unesco | |
MySQL (pronounced (IPA) , "my S-Q-L") is a Multithreaded , Multi-user SQL Database Management System (DBMS)1 which has, according to MySQL AB , more than 10 million installations.2 The basic program runs as a server providing multiuser access to a number of databases. MySQL is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB , which holds the copyright to most of the codebase. This is similar to the JBoss model and how the Free Software Foundation handles copyright in its projects. It is dissimilar to the Apache project, where the software is developed by a public community and the copyright to the codebase is owned by its individual authors. The company develops and Maintains the system, selling support and Service Contract s, as well as Proprietary -licensed copies of MySQL, and employing people all over the world who collaborate via the Internet . MySQL AB was founded by David Axmark , Allan Larsson , and Michael "Monty" Widenius . The CEO is Mårten Mickos . The MySQL company also sells another DBMS, MaxDB , which is from an unrelated codebase. HISTORY
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Libraries for accessing MySQL databases are available in all major Programming Language s with language-specific API s. In addition, an ODBC interface called MyODBC allows additional programming languages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with a MySQL database, such as ASP or ColdFusion . The MySQL server and official libraries are mostly implemented in ANSI C / ANSI C++ . USES MySQL is popular for Web Application s and acts as the database component of the LAMP, MAMP, And WAMP platforms (Linux/Mac/Windows-Apache-MySQL-PHP/Perl/Python), and for open-source bug tracking tools like Bugzilla . Its popularity for use with web application is closely tied to the popularity of PHP , which is often combined with MySQL. PHP and MySQL are essential components for running popular Content Management System s such as WordPress and Drupal blogging platforms. Wikipedia runs on MediaWiki software, which can also use PHP and a MySQL database. DOCUMENTATION AND ADMINISTRATION Information on using MySQL can be found on the company's site, under their Documentation section . There are also many books written about MySQL. To administer MySQL databases one can use the included administration tools: MySQL Administrator and MySQL Query Browser . Both of the GUI tools are now included in one package called MySQL GUI Tools . In addition to the above mentioned tools developed by MySQL AB, there are several other commercial and non-commercial tools available. PhpMyAdmin is a free software webbased administration interface implemented in PHP . PROGRAM SPECIFICATIONS Platforms MySQL works on many different Platforms —including AIX , BSDi , FreeBSD , HP-UX , GNU/Linux , Mac OS X , NetBSD , Novell NetWare , OpenBSD , OS/2 Warp, QNX , SGI IRIX , Solaris , SunOS , SCO OpenServer , SCO UnixWare , Tru64 , Windows 95 , Windows 98 , Windows ME , Windows NT , Windows 2000 , Windows XP and Windows Vista . A port of MySQL to OpenVMS is also available. PCSI Kits of Open Source Software for OpenVMS The latest production version . Both have a common code base and include the following features:
The MySQL Enterprise Server is released once per month and the sources can be obtained either from MySQL's customer-only Enterprise site or from MySQL's BitKeeper repository, both under the GPL license. The MySQL Community Server is published on an unspecified schedule under the GPL and contains all bug fixes that were shipped with the last MySQL Enterprise Server release. Binaries are no longer provided by MySQL for every release of the Community Server. Peter Zaitsev's blog Kaj Arnö's reply Future releases The MySQL 5.1 roadmap outlines support for:
Support for Parallelization is also part of the roadmap for future versions. Does MySQL support query parallelisation? Foreign Key support for all storage engines will likely be released with MySQL 5.2 (although it has been present since version 3.23.44 for InnoDB ). The current MySQL 5.1 development release is 5.1.20 beta A new storage engine is also in the works, called Falcon . A preview of Falcon is available in MySQL 6.0 Alpha . Distinguishing features The following features are implemented by MySQL but not by some other RDBMS es:
Server compilation type There are 3 types of MySQL Server Compilations for Enterprise and Community users:
Beginning with MySQL 5.1, MySQL AB has stopped providing these different package variants. There will only be one MySQL server package, which includes a mysqld binary with all functionality and storage engines enabled. Instead of providing a separate debug package, a server binary with extended debugging information is also included in the standard package. MySQL Max Build Policy Source code specifics MySQL is written in C and C++ . The SQL parser uses Yacc and home-brewed Lexer . A document describing some of the internal structures of the code and the coding guidelines is available from the MySQL web site. MySQL Internals Manual SUPPORT Via MySQL Enterprise MySQL AB offers support itself, including 24/7 30-minute response time, with the support team having direct access to the developers as necessary to handle problems. In addition it hosts forums and mailing lists and employees and other users are often available in several IRC channels providing assistance. Buyers of MySQL Enterprise enjoy access to binaries and software that is certified for their particular operating system, and access to monthly binary updates with the latest bug fixes. Several levels of Enterprise membership are available, with varying response times and features ranging from how to and emergency support through server performance tuning and system architecture advice. The MySQL Network Monitoring and Advisory Service monitoring tool for database servers is available only to MySQL Enterprise customers. LICENSING MySQL AB makes MySQL Server available as Free Software under the GNU General Public License (GPL), but they also offer the MySQL Enterprise subscription offering for business users and Dual-license it under traditional Proprietary licensing arrangements for cases where the intended use is incompatible with the GPL. Both the MySQL server software itself and the client libraries are distributed under a dual-licensing format. Users may choose the License Exception. It allows Software licensed under other OSI -compliant Open Source licenses, which are not compatible to the GPL, to link against the MySQL client libraries.http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/foss-exception.html Customers that do not wish to be bound to the terms of the GPL may choose to purchase a Proprietary License .http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/commercial-license.html Like Many Open-source Programs , the name "MySQL" is Trademark ed and may only be used with the trademark holder's permission . Some users have independently continued to develop earlier versions of the client libraries, which was distributed under the less-restrictive Lesser General Public License .http://packages.debian.org/libmysqlclient10 Issues There has been some controversy regarding the distribution of GPLed MySQL library files with other open source applications. The biggest controversy arose with PHP , which has a license incompatible with the GPL. This was later resolved when MySQL created a license exception that explicitly allows the inclusion of the MySQL client library in open source projects that are licensed under a number of OSI-compliant Open Source licenses, including the PHP License .3 In September 2005, MySQL AB and SCO forged a partnership for "joint certification, marketing, sales, training and business development work for a commercial version of the database for SCO's new OpenServer 6 version of Unix". SCO Raised Controversy beginning in 2003 with a number of high-profile Patent Lawsuit s related to the Linux Operating System . Various MySQL employees expressed that the company was committed to serving its end users, regardless of their operating system choice, that the company would leave it to the courts to resolve the SCO licensing controversy, and that other common open source databases have also been ported to, and support, SCO OpenServer . In October 2005, Oracle Corporation acquired Innobase OY, the Finnish company that developed the InnoDB storage engine that allows MySQL to provide such functionality as transactions and foreign keys. A press release In February 2006, Oracle Corporation acquired Sleepycat Software ,6 makers of the Berkeley DB , a database engine onto which another MySQL storage engine was built. CRITICISM Early versions of MySQL lacked many standard Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) features, usually with the goal of trading guaranteed accuracy for speed. Many (but not yet all) such criticisms have been remedied in later versions of the software, including Transactions and relational integrity constraints—features necessary to support " ACID Properties " for relational databases, which allow the DBMS to ensure that client applications cannot interfere with one another or insert inconsistent values.7 Earlier versions of the MySQL manual included claims that certain missing ACID features were useless or even harmful, and that users were better off without them. One section, entitled "Reasons NOT to use Foreign Keys constraints" (sic), advised users that relational-integrity checking was difficult to use and complicated a database application, and that its only useful purpose was to allow client software to diagram the relationships between database tables. "Reasons NOT to Use Foreign Keys constraints" Another section claimed that a DBMS lacking transactions can provide data-integrity assurances as reliable as those provided by a DBMS that supports transactions—thus conflating the issue of transactional integrity with that of saving data when the database server loses power.8 Another criticism is MySQL's divergence from the SQL standard on the subject of treatment of NULL values and default values. Its handling of dates allows storing a date with a day beyond the last day of a month with fewer than 31 days, and arithmetic operations are vulnerable to either integer overflow or floating point truncation.http://sql-info.de/mysql/gotchas.html mySQL Gotchas Since version 5 of the server, the treatment of illegal values varies according to use of the "SQL Mode" set in the server, which is by default set to the unusually tolerant state that critics dislike. When the beta version of MySQL 5.0 was released in March 2005, David Axmark, a co-founder of MySQL, said that "People have been criticizing MySQL since we started for not having stored procedures, triggers and views," and "We're fixing 10 years of criticism in one release."10 MySQL 5.0's 13 October build 5.0.15 was released for production use on 24 October 2005 , after more than two million downloads in the 5.0 beta cycle. TRIVIA
MYSQL APPLICATION OF THE YEAR WINNERS 2007 2006
2005
PRONUNCIATION "MySQL"'s official pronunciation of the name is "My Ess Que Ell",13 pronounced as , not "My sequel" . This adheres to the official ANSI pronunciation; SEQUEL was an earlier IBM database language, a predecessor to the SQL language.14 However, the company does not take issue with the pronunciation "My sequel" or other local variations. The "My" portion of the name may come from the name of Widenius's child, spelled "My" but pronounced in Swedish as ''mü'' (or approximately in English, "me"). However, MySQL's own developers are unsure if this is the case or if it is in fact a simple possessive.15 SEE ALSO
REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS Documentation
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