Information AboutMonera |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT MONERA | |
| prokaryotes | |
| obsolete taxonomic groups | |
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Monera is an obsolete ) were considered Fungi , and the Cyanophyta were considered blue-green Algae . The latter are now considered a group of Bacteria , typically called the Cyanobacteria and are now known not to be closely related to Plant s, Fungi , or Animal s. Recent DNA and RNA Sequence Analyses has demonstrated that there are two major groups of prokaryotes, the Bacteria and Archaea , which do not appear to be closer in relationship to each other than they are to the Eukaryote s. Thus, Monera has since been divided into Archaea and Bacteria , forming the more recent Six-kingdom System and Three-domain System . All new schemes abandon the Monera and now treat the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya as separate domains or kingdoms. HISTORY Traditionally organisms were classified as animal, vegetable, or mineral as in Systema Naturae . After the discovery of Microscopy , attempts were made to fit microscopic organisms into either the plant or animal kingdom. In 1866 Ernst Haeckel proposed a three kingdom system which added Protista as a new kingdom that contained most microscopic organisms.1 Later, Haeckel proposed the fourth kingdom of which he called Monera. One of his eight major divisions of Protista was called Moneres. Haeckel's Moneres subcategory included known bacterial groups such as Vibrio . Haeckel's Protista kingdom also included eukaryotic organisms now classified as Protist . It was later decided that Haeckel's Protista kingdom had proven to be too diverse to be seriously considered one single kingdom. In 1969, Robert Whittaker published a proposed five kingdom system for classification of living organisms.Robert Whittaker (1969) "New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms" in '' Science '' Volume 163, pages 150-160. Whittaker's system placed most single celled organisms into either the prokaryotic Monera or the eukaryotic Protista. The other three kingdoms in his system were the eukaryotic Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae. DIVISION OF MONERA , based on RRNA sequence data, showing the separation of Bacteria , Archaea , and Eukaryote s.]] Based on molecular phylogeny studies, , as presented in the Tree Of Life Web Project ."Universal and Eukaryote trees Based on 16s rDNA." by Mitchell L. Sogin (2006) Tree of Life Web Project . BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA Eubacteria and Archaebacteria differ most noticeably in the environments they are able to inhabit. Eubacteria encompass the vast majority of bacteria with which humans come into contact. The bacteria that live within and around humans, such as '' Escherichia Coli '' and those of the genus '' Salmonella '', are Eubacteria. Archaebacteria live in much harsher conditions, such as in acidic Hot Spring s and at depths of a mile below the arctic ice. These groups were later renamed to Bacteria and Archaea , which might lead to some confusing situations, as the common use of the word "bacteria" in the English language (originally) simply refers to Prokaryote Microorganism s, or in other words monerans. SUMMARY REFERENCES SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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