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The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for '''Meteorological Office''', but now the official name in itself), which has its headquarters at Exeter in Devon , is the United Kingdom 's national Weather service. Established in 1854 as a small department within the Board Of Trade under Robert FitzRoy as a service to Mariners , the Met Office later became part of the Ministry Of Defence . It currently holds a quasi-governmental role, being required to act commercially but also remaining an Executive Agency of the Ministry Of Defence . A little known branch of the Met Office known as the Mobile Met Unit or MMU accompany forward units in times of conflict advising the armed forces of the prevailing conditions for battle, particularly the RAF. The Hadley Centre For Climate Prediction And Research is also part of the Met Office. One of the British stalwarts — the Shipping Forecast — is produced by the Met Office and broadcast on BBC Radio 4 . The Shipping Forecast has long been of real interest to, and vital to the safety of, Mariners traversing the Sea Areas around the British Isles and its broadcast on radio is still avidly listened to. Less vitally, the Shipping Forecast has been the subject of both books and song lyrics. The Met Office provides weather information services for most, but not all, of the media in the UK. This can take the form of raw data, graphics and model product that the forecaster/presenter adapts (as with the BBC ) or graphics and a script, which the presenter works from (as with most of the UK media). In 2003 the Met Office moved its headquarters to Exeter from its previous location of Bracknell in Berkshire and it has a worldwide presence — including a forecasting centre in Aberdeen and offices in Gibraltar and on the Falklands. Other outposts lodge in establishments such as the Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology (JCMM) at Reading University in Berkshire, the Joint Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Research (JCHMR) site at Wallingford in Oxfordshire and there is also a Met Office presence at many Army, Navy and Air Force bases within the UK and abroad. The Met Office is also one of only two World Area Forecast Centre s or WAFCs, and is referred to as WAFC London. The other WAFC is located in Missouri, USA but known as WAFC Washington. WAFC data are used daily to safely and economically route aircraft, particularly on long-haul journeys. The data provide details of wind speed and direction, air temperature, cloud type and tops, and other features of interest to the aviation community, such as volcanic ash eruptions. Part of the Met Office complex in Exeter is the Met Office College, which handles the training for internal personel and many forecasters from around the world. The (Acting) Chief Executive of the Met Office is Mark Hutchinson but will be replaced on September 17 2007 by John Hirst. AIR QUALITY FORECASTS The Met Office issues Air Quality forecasts made using NAME , the Met Office's medium-to-long-range Atmospheric Dispersion Model . It was originally developed as a nuclear accident model following the Chernobyl Accident in 1986, but has since evolved into an all-purpose dispersion model capable of predicting the transport, transformation and deposition of a wide class of airborne materials. NAME is used operationally by the Met Office as an emergency response model as well as for routine air quality forecasting. In the air quality forecasts, the level of pollution is described either as an index (ranging from 1 to 10) or as a banding (low, moderate, high or very high). These levels are based on the health effects of each pollutant as shown just below. The forecast is produced for a number of different pollutants and their typical health effects are shown in the following table. WEATHER STATIONS NOTABLE FORMER DIRECTORS
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