The form is named after the Greek Cynic Menippus , whose works, now lost, influenced the works of Lucian and Marcus Terentius Varro . Indeed, such satires are sometimes termed . Though Varro's own 150 books of Menippean satires survive only as quoted snippets, the genre was continued by Seneca The Younger . His Apocolocyntosis , or "Pumpkinification," is the only near-complete classical Menippean satire to survive. Later, Menippus' tradition can be recognized in portions of Petronius ' '' Satyricon ,'' in the banquet scene "Cena Trimalchionis," where epic, tragedy, and philosophy are combined in verse and prose. It is also seen in Apuleius' ''Golden Ass'', a combination of Menippean satire and the comic novel.
The term has been used by classical grammarians and by philologists to refer to satires in prose; compare the verse observed (1974, p. 309), and instanced Squire Western in '' Tom Jones '' as a character rooted in the realism of the novel, but the tutors Thwackum and Square as figures of Menippean satire. Contemporary scholars including Frye classify Swift 's '' A Tale Of A Tub '' or '' Gulliver's Travels '', Thomas Carlysle 's '' Sartor Resartus '', François Rabelais ' '' Gargantua And Pantagruel '' or Lewis Carroll 's '' Alice In Wonderland '' as Menippean satires.
- Relihan, Joel. 1993. Ancient Menippean Satire. Baltimore.
- Kirk, Eugene P. ''Menippean Satire: An Annotated Catalogue of Texts and Criticism''. New York: Garland, 1980.
- Martin, Martial, "Préface" in ''Satyre Menippee de la Vertu du Catholicon d'Espagne et de la tenue des Estats de Paris'', MARTIN Martial (édition critique de), Paris, H. Champion, 2007, "Textes de la Renaissance", n° 117, 944 p. ISBN : 9782745314840
- Boudou, B., M. Driol, and P. Lambercy. "Carnaval et monde renverse." ''Etudes sur la Satyre Menippee''. Ed. Frank Lestringant and Daniel Menager. Geneva: Droz, 1986. 105-118.
- Vignes, Jean. "Culture et histoire dans la Satyre Menippee." ''Etudes sur la Satyre Mennippee''. Ed. Frank Lestringant and Daniel Menager. Geneva: Droz, 1985. 151-99.
- Kharpertian, Theodore D. ''A Hand to Turn the Time: The Menippean Satires of Thomas Pynchon ''. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson U P, 1990.
- Kharpertian, Theodore D. "Of Models, Muddles, and Middles: Menippean Satire and Pynchon 's V. " Pynchon Notes 17.Fall (1985): 3-14.
- Courtney, E. ''Parody and Literary Allusion in Menippean Satire.'' Philologus 106 (1962): 86-100.
- '' Tristram Shandy , Digressions, and the Menippean Tradition.'' Scholia Satyrica 1.4 (1975): 3-16.
- Wilson, Robert Rawdon and Edward Milowicki. ""Troilus and Cressida": Voices in The Darkness of Troy." Jonathan Hart, ed. ""Reading The Renaissance: Culture, Poetics, and Drama."" New York: Garland, 1996. 129-144, 234-240.
- Milowicki, Edward J. and Robert Rawdon Wilson. "A Measure for Menippean Discourse: The Example of Shakespeare." ""Poetics Today"" 23: 2 (Summer 2002). 291-326.
- Payne, F. Anne. Chaucer and the Menippean Satire. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1981.
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