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MOUS IN PRIVATE LAW In private U.S. law, MoU is a common synonym for a Letter Of Intent (LoI). One example is the MoU Between Bush And Kerry For The 2004 Debates . MOUS INSIDE A COMPANY OR GOVERNMENT AGENCY Many companies and government agencies use MoUs to define a relationship between departments, agencies or closely held companies. These branches of the organization fall under similar control structures but need to ensure smooth operations where there are shared resources or workflows. These could include areas such as Service Level Agreements (SLAs), intra-organization connectivity, intra-organization communications and intra-organization escalations and response patterns. Like the MoU in law, it creates a platform for a clear understanding of each party's commitments/purpose and sets out expectations for a series of pre-determined responses should certain criteria be met that shows that there is either intentional or unintentional breach of the MoU's original commitments/purpose. MOUS IN PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW In international relations, MoU fall under the broad category of Treaties . However, MoUs may, in theory be kept Confidential , although the United Nations Legal Section indicates that MoUs should be registered in the Treaty Database to avoid 'secret diplomacy'. One advantage of MoUs over more formal instruments is that they can be put into effect ("enter into force") in most countries without requiring parliamentary ratification. MoUs are often used to modify and adapt existing treaties. The decision concerning ratification, however, is determined by the parties' internal law and depends to a large degree on the subject agreed upon. Although MOUs in the Multilateral field are seldomly seen, the transnational Aviation agreements are actually MoUs. Examples include:
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