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UNITED KINGDOM By 1999, 62% of the British National Health Service (NHS) trusts used electronic records, to some degree. In 2003 the NHS has taken moves to create a centralised electronic registry of medical records. Its privacy is protected by the UK's Government Gateway , built by Microsoft. The programme is called Electronic Records Development and Implementation Programme (ERDIP). The NHS National Programme For IT has been criticised for its lack of security and lack of patient privacy. It was one of the projects that has caused the Government's own Information Commissioner to warn that there is a danger of the country "sleepwalking" into a Surveillance Society . Pressure groups opposed to ID Card s are also campaigning against the centralised registry. Privacy is based on patients' rights in the UK, flowing from the European Convention Of Human Rights through the Data Protection Act (DPA) in the UK. The opposing point of view that access is on a 'need to know basis' is not legal, it is the patient who must grant access. UNITED STATES In the USA , the Medical Information Privacy And Security Act (MIPSA) is the new development. It contains important provisions requiring accesses to generate an audit trail, and for patients to be able to partition their data so that for example genetic information is not revealed when they go for a flu jab. Individuals have a right to access, copy, edit and augment their information. NEW ZEALAND In New Zealand , the Health Information Privacy Code (1994) sets specific rules for agencies in the health sector to better ensure the protection of individual privacy. The code addresses the health information collected, used, held and disclosed by health agencies. For the health sector the code takes the place of the information privacy principles. EXTERNAL LINKS
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