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A master's degree is a Postgraduate Academic Degree awarded after the completion of a program of one to three years in duration. This acknowledgment comprises about 4-6 years of university study in total. In the recently Standardized European System of higher education Diploma s, it corresponds to a one-year or two-year postgraduate program, to be undertaken after three years of undergraduate studies, in order to obtain a higher qualification for Employment purposes or in preparation for Doctoral studies. In the United States Of America and Canada , the master's was already awarded after a one-to-two year degree course in which students might enroll after four years of undergraduate study (culminating in a Bachelor's Degree ). It is similarly required for licensing in many professions or in preparation for the doctorate. Master's degrees are often entitled ''magister'', which is Latin for master (teacher). In some languages, magister or its Cognate is the word used for person who has the degree. However, in some European countries, a ''magister'' is a First Degree and may be considered equivalent to a modern (standardized) Master's degree. The Master Of Arts (''Magister Artium'') and '''Master of Science''' (''Magister Scientiæ'') degrees are the basic degree types in most subjects, and may be either entirely course-based or entirely research-based, or (more typically) a mixture. There are also degrees of same level, such as Engineer's Degree s, which have different names for historical reasons. Admission to a master's program normally requires holding a Bachelor's Degree (in Canada and the United Kingdom an 'honours' bachelor degree), although in some cases relevant work experience can qualify a candidate. Although master's degrees can vary significantly in length and scope (depending on country, institution, and subject), candidates who complete only a master's degree program do not automatically obtain a bachelor's degree by default (unless the program is designed as a joint program) and are not necessarily considered to be of a similar academic status as candidates who possess both a bachelor's and a master's degree. Progressing to a Doctoral program often requires that the candidate first earn a master's degree. In some fields or graduate programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but the master's may be earned along the way, as a result of the successful completion of coursework and certain examinations. A thesis may or may not be required, depending on the programme. In some cases the student's bachelor's degree must be in the same subject as the intended master's degree, or in a closely allied discipline; in others, the subject of the bachelor's degree is unimportant. Some university programs provide for a joint bachelor's and master's degree after four or five years. Some universities use the Latin degree names, and because of the flexibility of Word Order In Latin , ''Artium Magister'' (A.M.) or ''Scientiæ Magister'' (S.M.) may be used; Harvard University , for instance, uses A.M. and S.M. for its master's degrees and MIT uses S.M. for its master of science degrees. The Master of Science degree usually is abbreviated MS in the USA and MSc in British Commonwealth nations and Europe. For specific master's degrees, see below. SEE ALSO
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