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Martin Kramer (b. 1954 , Washington, DC ) is an American scholar of the Middle East at the Washington Institute For Near East Policy , the Shalem Center , and the Olin Institute, Harvard University . His focus is on Islam and Arab politics. EDUCATION Kramer began his undergraduate degree under Itamar Rabinovich in Middle Eastern Studies at Tel Aviv University and completed his B.A. in Near Eastern Studies from Princeton University . He earned his Ph.D. in Princeton as well, under Fouad Ajami , L. Carl Brown , the late Charles Issawi , and Bernard Lewis , who directed his thesis. He also received a History M.A. from Columbia University . Martin Kramer/Juan Cole: Oppo Research
CAREER During a 25-year career at Tel Aviv University , Martin Kramer directed the Moshe Dayan Center For Middle Eastern And African Studies ; taught as a visiting Professor at Brandeis University , the University Of Chicago , Cornell University , and Georgetown University ; and served twice as a fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center For Scholars in Washington. He is currently the Wexler-Fromer Fellow at the Washington Institute For Near East Policy , Senior Fellow at the Shalem Center , and Olin Institute Senior Fellow at Harvard University . He is a senior and past editor of the 2006 ( Front Page Magazine publishes selected pieces of Kramer's on its website Martin Kramer's Columns ) POLITICAL ACTIVITIES Kramer supported , November 11 , 2002 Kramer is a member of three think tanks: the , 2005 Martin Kramer was an early advocate of attacking , 2002 CRITICISM In early 2006, Kramer was criticised in a working paper entitled '''', Volume 28 Number 6, March 22, 2006. Accessed March 24, 2006. Kramer has since responded. '' Stephen Walt's World '', Martin Kramer, March 17 2006.'' A Powerful Lobby '', Martin Kramer, April 3 2006. Zachary Lockman , Professor of modern Middle East history at New York University, has criticized Kramer's "selective indictment" of Middle East studies, contending that "Kramer’s psychologizing account of why so many scholars and students in Middle East studies were receptive to critiques of the field’s hitherto dominant paradigms is shallow and tendentious." He writes that underlying Kramer's claims in ''Ivory Towers'' is "an extraordinarily naïve and unsophisticated understanding of how knowledge is produced" and that his "inability or refusal to grasp this suggests a grave lack of self-awareness, coupled with an alarming disinterest in some of the most important scholarly debates over the past four decades or so." Lockman also criticized Kramer's promotion of bill HR 3077 as "an attempt to stifle critical voices and diminish the autonomy of American institutions of higher education and long-established principles of academic freedom."[http://www.merip.org/mero/interventions/lockman_interv.html Kramer in turn accused Lockman of being supportive of academic boycotts for political purposes. Prof railed for signing boycott letter Joseph Massad , Associate Professor at Columbia University, has accused Kramer of attacking him and other professors of Middle East Studies. Massad wrote, "Kramer, Pipes, and co. are angry that the academy still allows democratic procedure in the expression of political views and has an institutionalised meritocratic system of judgment…to evaluate its members. Their goal is to destroy any semblance of either in favour of subjecting democracy and academic life to an incendiary jingoism and to the exigencies of the national security state with the express aim of imploding freedom. Their larger success, however, has been in discrediting themselves and in reminding all of us that we should never take the freedoms that we have for granted, as the likes of Kramer and Pipes are working to take them away."Joseph Massad, "Policing the Academy," ''Al-Ahram Weekly'', 10-16 April 2003. Joel Beinin , professor and former president of Middle East Studies Association Of North America , has also criticized Kramer. {Link without Title} . BIBLIOGRAPHY Books
Journal Papers
Martin Kramer on American scholars of the Middle East
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