Information AboutMan Ray |
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on June 16, 1934]] Man Ray ( August 27 , 1890 – November 18 , 1976 ) was an American Artist who spent most of his career in Paris , France . Perhaps best described simply as a Modernist , he was a significant contributor to both the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. Best known in the art world for his Avant-garde Photography , Man Ray produced major works in a variety of media and considered himself a Painter above all. He was also a renowned Fashion and Portrait photographer. While appreciation for Man Ray’s work beyond his fashion and portrait photography was slow in coming during his lifetime, especially in his native United States, his reputation has grown steadily in the decades since. In , May 1999. BIOGRAPHY Background and early life From the time he began attracting attention as an artist until his death more than 60 years later, Man Ray allowed little of his early life or family background to be known to the public, even refusing to acknowledge that he had ever had any name other than Man Ray. He was born Emmanuel Radnitzky in Pennsylvania , in South Philadelphia , in 1890 , the eldest child of recent Russian-Jewish Immigrants . The family would eventually include another son and two daughters, the youngest born shortly after they settled in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn , New York , in 1897 . In early 1912 , the Radnitzky family changed their surname to Ray, a name selected by Man Ray's brother, in reaction to the ethnic discrimination and Anti-Semitism prevalent at that time. Emmanuel, who was called "Manny" as a nickname, changed his first name to Man at this time, and gradually began to use Man Ray as his combined single name. Man Ray’s father was a garment factory worker who also ran a small Tailoring business out of the family home, enlisting his children from an early age. Man Ray’s mother enjoyed making the family’s clothes from her own designs and inventing Patchwork items from scraps of fabric. Despite Man Ray’s desire to disassociate himself from his family background, this experience left an enduring mark on his art. Tailor's dummies, flat irons, sewing machines, needles, pins, threads, swatches of fabric, and other items related to clothing and sewing appear at every stage of his work and in almost every medium. Art historians have also noted similarity in his collage and painting techniques to those used in making clothing. First artistic endeavors Man Ray showed a lot of evidence of being artistically and mechanically inclined from childhood. His education at Boys' High School from 1904 to 1908 provided him with a solid grounding in Drafting and other basic art techniques. At the same time, he educated himself with frequent visits to the local art museums, where he studied the works of the Old Masters . After graduation from high school, he was offered a Scholarship to study Architecture but chose to pursue a career as an artist instead. However much this decision disappointed his parents' aspirations to upward mobility and assimilation, they nevertheless rearranged the family's modest living quarters so that Man Ray could use a room as his studio. He stayed for the next four years, working steadily toward his goal of becoming professional painter, while earning money as a Commercial Artist and technical illustrator at several Manhattan companies. From the surviving examples of his work from this period, it appears he attempted mostly paintings and drawings in 19th century styles. He was already an avid admirer of avant-garde art of the time, such as European modernists he saw at Alfred Stieglitz 's " 291 " gallery and works by Ashcan School , but, with a few exceptions, was not yet able to translate these new trends into his own work. The art classes he sporadically attended — including stints and National Academy Of Design and the Art Students League — were of little apparent benefit to him, until he enrolled in the Ferrer School in the autumn of 1912, thus beginning a period of intense and rapid artistic development. New York Living in New York City and influenced by what he saw at the 1913 Armory Show and in galleries showing contemporary works from Europe his early paintings display facets of Cubism . Upon befriending Marcel Duchamp who was interested in showing movement in static paintings, Man Ray's works begin to depict movement of the figures. For example in the repetitive positions of the skirts of the dancer in '' The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself with Shadows '' (1916)."Man Ray." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2007. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC Document Number: K1631005476 In 1915 , Man Ray had his first solo show of paintings and drawings. His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled ''Self-Portrait'', was exhibited the following year. He produced his first significant photographs in 1918 . Man Ray involved himself with with metal tacks attached to the bottom, and '' Enigma of Isidore Ducasse '' is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in cloth and tied with cord. Another work from this period, ''Aerograph'' (1919), is one he did with airbrush on glass. In 1920 Ray helped Duchamp make his first machine and one of the earliest examples of kinetic art, the '' Rotary Glass Plates '' which was composed of glass plates turned by a motor. That same year Man Ray, Katherine Dreier and Duchamp founded the Société Anonyme , an itinerant collection which in effect was the first museum of Modern Art in the U.S. Ray teamed up with Duchamp to publish the one issue of '' New York Dada '' in 1920, but he soon declared, "Dada cannot live in New York", and he moved to Paris in 1921. It was in New York in 1913 that Man Ray met his first wife, Adon Lacroix. They married in 1914, separated in 1919, and were formally divorced in 1937. Paris In July 1921 , he went to live and work in Paris , France , and soon settled in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists. Shortly after arriving in Paris, he met and fell in love with Kiki de Montparnasse ( Alice Prin ), an artists' model and celebrated character in Paris' bohemian circles. Kiki was Man Ray's companion for most of the 1920s. She became the subject of some of his most famous photographic images and starred in his experimental films. In 1929 he began a love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller . and Man Ray in Paris , on June 16 , 1934 making "wild eyes" for photographer Carl Van Vechten ]]For the next 20 years in Montparnasse, Man Ray made his mark on the art of Photography . Great artists of the day such as James Joyce , Gertrude Stein , Jean Cocteau and Antonin Artaud posed for his camera. With Jean Arp , Max Ernst , André Masson , Joan Miró , and Pablo Picasso ; Man Ray was represented in the first Surrealist exhibition at the Gallerie Pierre in Paris in 1925 . In 1934 , Surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim , known for her fur-covered tea cup, posed for Man Ray in what became a well-known series of photographs depicting Oppenheim nude, standing next to a Printing Press . Together with Lee Miller — his photography assistant and lover — Man Ray reinvented the photographic technique of Solarization . He also created a technique using Photogram s he called Rayographs . Man Ray also directed a number of influential Avant-garde short films, known as '' Cinéma Pur '', such as '' Le Retour à La Raison '' (2 mins, 1923); '' Emak-Bakia '' (16 mins, 1926); '' L'Étoile De Mer '' (15 mins, 1928); and '' Les Mystéres Du Château Du Dé '' (20 mins, 1929). Later life Later in life, Man Ray returned to the United States , having been forced to leave Paris due to the dislocations of the Second World War . He lived in Los Angeles , California from 1940 until 1951. A few days after arriving in Los Angeles, Man Ray met Juliet Browner, a trained dancer and experienced artists' model. They began living together almost immediately, and married in 1946 in a double wedding with their friends Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning . However, he called Montparnasse home and he returned there. In 1963 he published his autobiography, ''Self-Portrait'', which was republished in 1999 (ISBN 0821224743). He died in Paris on November 18 , 1976 , and was interred in the Cimetière Du Montparnasse , Paris. His Epitaph reads: ''unconcerned, but not indifferent''. When Juliet Browner Man Ray died in 1991, she was interred in the same tomb. Her epitaph reads, ''together again''. Juliet set up a trust for his work and made many donations of his work to museums. QUOTATIONS By Man Ray
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