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city
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2528 longd = 7987
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Uttar Pradesh
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Mahoba
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Chairman
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214
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2001
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78,806
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sq km
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91-5281
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210 427
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UP 95
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( of the
India n state of
Uttar Pradesh , in the
Bundelkhand region. Mahoba is known for its closeness to
Khajuraho and other historic places like
Kulpahar ,
Charkhari ,
Kalinjar ,
Orchha , and
Jhansi . The town is connected with
Railway s and state
Highway s.
Mahoba was the capital of the
Chandela Rajput s, who ruled Bundelkhand from the
10th to the
16th Centuries . The Chandela king Vijaypal (
1035 -
1045 ) built the Vijay-sagar reservoir, one of several artificial lakes in Mahoba created by the Chandela rulers. During the reign of king Paramardi (c.
1165 -?), the
Chauhan king
Prithviraj III of
Delhi and
Ajmer captured Mahoba c.
1182 , despite the resistance of his generals
Alha &
Udal . The Chandelas recaptured Mahoba a few years later, but the city was captured by the
Muslim general
Qutb-ud-din Aybak , later
Sultan Of Delhi , in
1203 .
The
Chandela ruler
Keerat Pal Singh recaptured Mahoba in the
14th Century . Emperor
Sher Shah Suri campaigned against the Chandelas, and captured Mahoba before dying while besieging
Kalinjar in
1545 . The
Mughal emperor
Akbar captured Mahoba a few decades later.
The
Bundela leader
Maharaja Chhatrasal captured Mahoba in
1680 , during the reign of the Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb . Upon his death in
1732 , Chhatra Sal bequeathed Mahoba and the surrounding area to the
Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I in return for Baji Rao's assistance against the Mughals. The Marathas ruled Mahoba until
1803 , when it was ceded to
British India by the
Treaty Of Bassein . Mahoba was made a subdivision of
Hamirpur District .
The name Mahoba is derived from '.
Before the rise of
Chandela s, Mahoba was held by the
Gaharwar and
Pratihar clans of Rajputs. The
Chandela ruler Chandra-Verman, who hailed from Maniagarh, his birth place near
Panna , took it over from Pratihar rulers and adopted it as his Capital. Later, Vakpati, Jejja, Vijai Shakti and Rahila-deva succeeded him.
Among the later
Chandela rulers whose names are particularly associated with the local monuments are Vijai-pal (1035-1045 AD) who built the Vijai-sagar lake, Keerti-Verman (1060-1100 AD) built Keerat sagar tank and Madan-Verman (1128-1164 AD) who built Madan Sagar. The last prominent
Chandela ruler was Parmardi-deva or Parmal whose name is still popular due to the heroic deeds of his two Generals 'Alha' and 'Udala' who own many battles. The court poet Jagnik Rao has made their names immortal through his popular
Ballad (Veer-Kavya) '
Alha-Khand '. It is recited through-out the
Hindi speaking masses in the country. In 1860 AD an English Officer of the East India Company, Mr. William Waterfield was so impressed with the
Ballad that he translated it into English under the title name of 'Lay of Alha' which was published by the Oxford University Press of England. Another prominent scripture which has an account of Mahoba's grandeur is the Jain text '
Prabhandh-kosh ' which refers to its magnificence which could only be realized and not described.
The reign of Parmardi-deva or Parmala,the Fifteen ruler of the dynasty, witnessed the fall of Mahoba. In 1182 A.D.differences arose between Parmala and . The Kajli-Pooja was consequently celebrated the next day and that tradition continues to be followed even to this date.The third day is observed as a Victory Day and a thanks-giving Pooja is performed to Lord Shiva, Gajantak Shiva idol on Gokhar hill.
Later,the Chauhan King
Prithvi Raj captured Mahoba despite the brave fight put up by the Banafer brothers, Alha and Udal. Other warriors of Mahoba, viz. Udal, Brahma, Malkhan, Sulkhan, Dheba and Tala Saiyyad, etc., laid down their lives in the battle. Parmala had to retreat to Kalinjar leaving Mahoba in the hands of the conqueror.
Prithvi Raj appointed his Thanapati Pajjun Rai as his administrator. A few years later, he was driven out by Samarjeet, son of Parmala. This, however, could not stop the beginning of the end of Chandella rule. Two decades later, Qutubuddin Aibek vanquised Mahoba and Kalinjar in 1203 A.D. Aibk took away immense booty with thousands of artisans as prisoners. He deported most of them to
Ghazni as slaves, who constructed beautiful buildings there. Later, Trailokya Verman,another son of Parmala, recovered Mahoba and
Kalinjar but the
Chandella s lost their eminence. Mahoba lost its independence and became part of the Delhi Sultanate.
After about 2 centuries of obscurity a notable
Chandella ruler Keerat Pal Singh rose to power and re-established his domain over
Kalinjar and Mahoba. His illustrious daughter
Durga Wati was married to Gond ruler Dalpat-shah of Garh Mandla(near
Jabalpur ) in 1543
A.D . Later, Keerat Pal Singh battled bravely with Sher Shah Suri, while defending
Kalinjar fort in
1545 .
Sher Shah , however, captured the fort after a prolonged fight but was killed in an explosion while directing final assault on the fort.
The account of Rani Durga Wati's deeds is most glorious. She administered her territory admirably well after the death of Raja Dalpat Shah and in 1564 A.D. gallantly resisted the unprovoked aggression of
Mughal king
Akbar , whose general Asif Khan attracted Garh Mandla to annex Rani's territory. The Rani gave a brave fight but lost her life in the battle-field. The aggression of Akbar on women rulers like Durga Wati and Chand-bibi tarnish his image as a liberal ruler.
In the post Chandella period the history of Mahoba gets obscure. It was under the reign of Delhi Sultans. Local traditions ascribe and associate Bhars, Gonds and Khangar clans who held its administration from time to time. However, during the reign of akbar, it was constituted into a 'Mahal' in the Sarkar of Kalinjar within the Suba of Allahabad. According to 'Aine-Akbari, it had an area of 82000 Bighas yielding a revenue of over 40,42000 Dams in addition to 12000 Pans (Betel-leaves) to the Moghal Darbar. Mahoba has been famous for its betal-leaves cultivation ever since the first Chandella ruler Chandra-Verman who adopted it as his capital. During the Moghal period the revenue assessment of Mahoba suggests a high degree of prosperity in comparison to the neighbouring 'Mahals'.
Later, with the rise of Chhatrasal Bundela, Mahoba passed under his sway but failed to acquire and kind of pre-eminence. In the 17th century Chhatrasal declared independence and put a stiff resistance against Aurangzeb. He established a Bundella Principality and Bahadur Shah Moghal had to confirm all his acquisitions in the area called 'Bundelkhand'. There was a revival of hostilities during the region of reign of Farrukhsiyar when his general Mohammed Khan Bangash invaded Bundelkhand in the year 1729 AD. and the aged ruler Chatrasal had to seek aid from Peshwa Baji rao. His 'Maratha'army comprising of 70,000 men dashed from Indore (Malwa) and encamped at Mahoba. They surrounded forces of nawab Banghash who had captured Jaitpur, Belatal, Mudhari and Kulpahar etc. The Peshwa inflicted a crushing defeat over the Nawab by annihilating his forces in the dense forests of Jaitpur, Mudhari and Salat etc. In return for this help, Chhatrasal bequeathed one third of his dominion to the Maratha Chieftain. That part included Mahoba, Shri Nagar, Jaitpur,
Kulpahar etc. Later, under the treaty Bessien in 1803 AD the
Maratha s ceded
Bundelkhand area to
British rulers. Its administration was , however, carried over by the subedar of Jalaun until 1858 AD when it was finally annexed by the East India Company. Mahoba was made the head-quarter of a sub-division in the district of Hamirpur. Its later history is un-eventful except for the local revolt in the first freedom struggle of 1857 AD when the British Sub-divisional Magistrate, Mr Carne, had to flee and seek refuge in the nearby
Charkhari estate which was being ruled by Raja Ratan Singh. The Rani of Jhansi, got annoyed over this betrayel of Raja and deputed her general Tantia Tope to attack Charkhari and capture Mr.Carne.Raja Ratan Singh surrendered and entered into a treaty with Tantya Tope. Mahoba was then under the rule of rebels whom the British General Whitloack defeated and restored British rule.He arrested a large number of local rebels and hanged some of the prominent men on the trees in the vicinity called Haveli Darwaza. A "Shaheed Mela" is now annually held there to commemorate the memory of those rebels.
Mahoba is located at .
Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mahoba It has an average elevation of 214
Metre s (702
Feet ).
As Of 2001 India
Census , Mahoba had a population of 78,806. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mahoba has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 51%. In Mahoba, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
