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In the United States, where education is Decentralized , some magnet schools are established by School District s and draw only from the district, while others (such as Governor's Schools in Virginia ) are set up by State Government s and may draw from multiple districts. ENROLLMENT AND CURRICULA Some magnet schools have a competitive entrance process, requiring an Entrance Examination , Interview , or Audition . Other magnet schools select all students who apply or use a Lottery system, or a system combining some elements of competitive entrance and a lottery. Most magnet schools concentrate on a particular discipline or area of study, while others (such as International Baccalaureate schools) have a more general focus. Magnet programs may focus on academics ( Mathematics , Natural Science s, and Engineering ; Humanities ; Social Sciences ; Fine or Performing Arts ) or may focus on Technical/vocational/agricultural Education . PURPOSE Magnet schools were originally started in the hope that their geographically open admissions would end racial segregation in "good" schools, and decrease de facto segregation of schools in poorer areas by offering a more enticing educational program. This continues to some extent today. In some communities past Racial Segregation issues resulted in court-ordered attendance plans and Desegregation Busing of children far from their homes and closer schools to achieve the required balance. Within a few years, in locations such as Richmond, Virginia additional magnet school programs for children of many different special talents were developed at facilities in locations which parents would have otherwise found undesirable. This effort to both attract voluntary enrollment and achieve the desired racial balance met with considerable success, and helped improve acceptance of the longer rides, hardships with transportation for extracurricular activities, and the separation of siblings which may result when schools other than strictly neighborhood school plans are utilized. Even as districts such as Richmond were released from desegregation court orders, the parental selection of magnet school programs has continued to contribute to more racially balanced schools than would have otherwise occurred. With a wide range of magnet school types, a suitable program could be found for many more children than only for the exceptionally bright ones for whom the earliest efforts were directed. There are magnet schools at the Elementary School , Middle School , and High School levels. Some magnet programs are within comprehensive schools, as is the case with several "schools within a school." In large urban areas several magnet schools with different specializations may be combined into a single "center," such as the Yvonne A. Ewell Townview Magnet Center in Dallas . SEE ALSO
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