| List Of Important Publications In Computer Science |
Article Index for List Of |
Website Links For List |
Information AboutList Of Important Publications In Computer Science |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT LIST OF IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE | |
| computer science papers | |
| lists of publications in science | |
| computer science | |
| artificial intelligence publications | |
|
COMPUTABILITY ''On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem ''
Description: This article set the limits of computer science. It defined the Turing Machine , a model for all computations. On the other hand it proved the undecidability of the Halting Problem and Entscheidungsproblem and by doing so found the limits of possible computation. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''On certain formal properties of grammars''
Description: This article introduced what is now known as the Chomsky Hierarchy , a Containment Hierarchy of classes of Formal Grammar s that generate Formal Language s. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Finite automata and their decision problem ''
Description: Mathematical treatment of Automata , proof of core properties, and definition of Non-deterministic Finite Automaton Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence, Introduction ''Decidability of second order theories and automata on infinite trees''
Description: The paper presented the Tree Automaton , an extension of the Automata . The tree automaton had numerous applications to proofs of Correctness Of Programs . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence, Introduction ''Computability: An introduction to recursive function theory''
Description: A popular textbook. Importance: Introduction ''Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation''
Description: A popular textbook. Importance: Introduction COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY THEORY ''Letter from Gödel to Von Neumann ''
Description: Gödel discusses the idea of efficient universal theorem prover Importance: Breakthrough ''Degree of difficulty of computing a function and a partial ordering of recursive sets''
Description: This technical report was the first publication talking about what later was renamed Computational Complexity Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough ''Paths, trees, and flowers''
Description: There is a polynomial time algorithm to find a maximum matching in a graph that is not bipartite and another step toward the idea of Computational Complexity . For more information see . Importance: Influence ''On the computational complexity of algorithms''
Description: This paper gave Computational Complexity its name and seed. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''A machine-independent theory of the complexity of recursive functions''
Description: The Blum Axioms . Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''The complexity of theorem proving procedures''
Description: This paper introduced the concept of NP-Complete ness and proved that Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) is NP-Complete . Note that similar ideas were developed independently slightly later by Leonid Levin at "Levin, Universal Search Problems. (Problemy Peredatsi Informatsii) 9(3):265-266, 1973". Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence '' Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems ''
Description: This paper showed that 21 different problems are NP-Complete and showed the importance of the concept. Importance: Influence ''Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness''
Description: The main importance of this book is due to its extensive list of more than 300 NP-Complete problems. This list became a common reference and definition. Though the book was published only few years after the concept was defined such an extensive list was found. Importance: Introduction, Influence, Latest and greatest ''Theory and Applications of Trapdoor Function s ''
Description: This paper creates a theoretical framework for Trapdoor Function s and described some of their applications, like in Cryptography . Note that the concept of trapdoor functions was brought at "New directions in cryptography" six years earlier (See section V "Problem Interrelationships and Trap Doors."). Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough ''How to Construct Random Functions''
Description: This paper showed that the existence of One Way Function s leads to Computational Randomness . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Latest and greatest, Influence ''The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof Systems''
Description: This paper introduced the concept of Zero Knowledge . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough ''Algebraic methods for interactive proof systems''
Description: This paper showed that PH is contained in IP . Importance: Breakthrough '' IP = PSPACE ''
Description: IP is a complexity class whose characterization (based on Interactive Proof System s) is quite different from the usual time/space bounded computational classes. In this paper, Shamir extended the technique of the previous paper by Lund, et al., to show that PSPACE is contained in IP, and hence IP = PSPACE, so that each problem in one complexity class is solvable in the other. Importance: Breakthrough '' Computational Complexity ''
Description: This book provides a very good introduction to Computational Complexity Importance: Introduction ''Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques ''
''Probabilistic Checking of Proofs: A New Characterization of NP''
''Proof Verification and the Hardness of Approximation Problems''
Description: These three papers established the surprising fact that certain problems in NP remain hard even when only an approximative solution is required. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ALGORITHMS See also List Of Algorithms . ''A machine program for Theorem Proving ''
Description: The DLL algorithm. The basic algorithm for SAT and other NP-Complete problems. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle''
Description: First description of Resolution and Unification used in Automated Theorem Proving ; used in Prolog and Logic Programming . Importance: Topic Creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''The traveling-salesman problem and minimum spanning trees''
Description: The use of an algorithm for Minimum Spanning Tree as an Approximation Algorithm for the NP-Complete Travelling Salesman Problem . Approximation Algorithm s became a common method for coping with NP-Complete problems. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A polynomial algorithm in linear programming''
Description: For long, there was no provably polynomial time algorithm for the (1984). "A New Polynomial Time Algorithm for Linear Programming", Combinatorica, Vol 4, nr. 4, p. 373–395. Importance: Influence ''Probabilistic algorithm for testing primality''
Description: The paper presented the Miller-Rabin Primality Test and outlined the program of Randomized Algorithms . Importance: Topic Creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Optimization by simulated annealing''
Description: This article described Simulated Annealing which is now a very common heuristic for NP-Complete problems. Importance: Influence '' The Art Of Computer Programming '' Description: This Monograph has three popular algorithms books and a number of Fascicles . The algorithms are written in both English and MIX assembly language (or MMIX assembly language in more recent fascicles). This makes algorithms both understandable and precise. However, the use of a Low-level Programming Language frustrates some programmers more familiar with modern Structured Programming Languages . Importance: Influence ''Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs''
Description: An early, influential book on algorithms and data structures, with implementations in Pascal. Importance: Influence ''The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms''
Description: One of the standard texts on algorithms for the period of approximately 1975–1985. Importance: Influence, Introduction ''How to Solve It By Computer''
Description: Explains the ''Why''s of algorithms and data-structures. Explains the ''Creative Process'', the ''Line of Reasoning'', the ''Design Factors'' behind innovative solutions. Importance: Introduction See Also: How To Solve It ''Algorithms''
Description: A very popular text on algorithms in the late 1980s. It was more accessible and readable (but more elementary) than Aho, Hopcroft, and Ullman. There are more recent editions. Importance: Influence '' Introduction To Algorithms ''
Description: As its name indicates this textbook is a very good introduction to algorithms. This book became so popular that it is almost the de facto standard for basic algorithms teaching. Importance: Introduction, Influence ALGORITHMIC INFORMATION THEORY ''A formal theory of inductive inference''
Description: This was the beginning of Algorithmic Information Theory and Kolmogorov Complexity . Note that though Kolmogorov Complexity is named after Andrey Kolmogorov , he said that the seeds of that idea are due to Ray Solomonoff . Andrey Kolmogorov contributed a lot to this area but in later articles. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Algorithmic information theory''
Description: A good introduction to Algorithmic Information Theory by one of the important people in the area. Importance: Introduction INFORMATION THEORY '' A Mathematical Theory Of Communication ''
Description: This paper created Communication Theory and Information Theory . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Introduction, Influence ''Error detecting and error correcting codes''
Description: In this paper, Hamming introduced the idea of Error-correcting Code . He created the Hamming Code and the Hamming Distance and developed methods for code optimality proofs. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Introduction, Influence ''A Method for the Construction of Minimum Redundancy Codes''
Description: The Huffman Coding . Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''A Universal Algorithm for Sequential Data Compression''
Description: The LZ77 compression algorithm. Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''Elements of Information Theory''
Description: A good and popular introduction to information theory. Importance: Influence, Introduction OPERATING SYSTEM ''An experimental timesharing system. ''
Description: This paper discuss Time-sharing as a method of sharing computer resource. This idea changed the interaction with computer systems. Importance: Influence ''The Working Set Model for Program Behavior''
Description: The beginning of Cache . For more information see SIGOPS Hall of Fame . Importance: Influence, Breakthrough '' Virtual Memory , Processes, and Sharing in MULTICS ''
Description: The classic paper on the most ambitious operating system in the early history of computing. Difficult reading, but it describes the implications of trying to build a system that takes information sharing to its logical extreme. Most operating systems since Multics have incorporated a subset of its facilities. Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''A note on the confinement problem''
Description: This paper addresses issues in constraining the flow of information from untrusted programs. It discusses cover channels, but more importantly it addresses the difficulty in obtaining full confinement without making the program itself effectively unusable. The ideas are important when trying to understand containment of malicious code, as well as aspects of trusted computing. Importance: Influence '' The UNIX Time-Sharing System ''
Description: The Unix Operating System and its principles were described in this paper. The main importance is not of the paper but of the operating system, which had tremendous effect on operating system and computer technology. Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''Weighted voting for replicated data''
Description: This paper describes the consistency mechanism known as quorum consensus. It is a good example of algorithms that provide a continuous set of options between two alternatives (in this case, between the read-one write-all, and the write-one read-all consistency methods). There have been many variations and improvements by researchers in the years that followed, and it is one of the consistency algtorithms that should be understood by all. The options available by choosing different size quora provide a useful structure for discussing of the core requirements for consistency in distributed systems. Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''Experiences with Processes and Monitors in Mesa''
Description: This is the classic paper on synchronization techniques, including both alternate approaches and pitfalls. Importance: Influence ''Scheduling Techniques for Concurrent Systems''
Description: Algorithms for Coscheduling of related processes were given Importance: Influence ''A Fast File System for UNIX''
Description: The File System of UNIX . One of the first papers discussing how to manage disk storage for high-performance file systems. Most file-system research since this paper has been influenced by it, and most high-performance file systems of the last 20 years incorporate techniques from this paper. Importance: Influence ''The Design and Implementation of a Log-Structured File System''
Description: Log-structured File System . Importance: Influence '' Microkernel operating system architecture and Mach ''
Description: his is a good paper discussing one particular Microkernel architecture, and the benefits over more monolithic kernel approaches to system design. The Mach architecture had significant impact in the design of Microsoft's Windows NT , Windows 2000 , and Windows XP operating systems. Importance: Influence ''An Implementation of a Log-Structured File System for UNIX''
Description: The paper was the first production-quality implementation of that idea which spawned much additional discussion of the viability and short-comings of log-structured filesystems. While "The Design and Implementation of a Log-Structured File System" was certainly the first, this one was important in bringing the research idea to a usable system.. Importance: Influence ''Soft Updates: A Solution to the Metadata Update problem in File Systems''
Description: A new way of maintaining filesystem consistency. Importance: DATABASE S ''A relational model for large shared data banks''
Description: This paper introduced the relational model for databases. This model became the number one model. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Binary B-Trees for Virtual Memory''
Description: This paper introduced the B-Trees Data Structure . This model became the number one model. Importance: Influence ''Relational Completeness of Data Base Sublanguages''
Description: Completeness of Data Base Sublanguages Importance: ''The Entity Relationship Model – Towards a Unified View of Data''
Description: This paper introduced the Entity-relationship Diagram (ERD) method of database design. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''SEQUEL: A structured English query language''
Description: This paper introduced the SQL language . Importance: Influence ''The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system''
Description: This paper defined the concepts of Transaction , Consistency and Schedule .It also argued that a transaction needs to lock a logical rather than a physical subset of the database. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases''
Description: Association rules, a very common method for data mining. Importance: Topic creator, Introduction, Influence ''Principles of Transaction-Oriented Database Recovery''
Description: Introduced the ACID-Paradigma for transactions. Importance: Introduction, Influence CRYPTOGRAPHY ''The index of coincidence and its applications in cryptology''
Description: Presented the Index Of Coincidence method for codebreaking. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Treatise on the Enigma''
Description: The breaking of the Enigma . Importance: Breakthrough, Influence '' Communication Theory Of Secrecy Systems ''
Description: Information Theory based analysis of cryptography. The original form of this paper was a confidential Bell Labs report from 1945, not the one published. Importance: Breakthrough, Introduction, Influence ''The Codebreakers, The Story of Secret Writing''
Description: Almost nothing had been published in cryptography in several decades and very few non-government researchers were thinking about it. The Codebreakers, a popular and not academic book, made many more people aware and contains a lot of technical information, although it requires careful reading to extract it. Its 1967 appearance was followed by the appearance of many papers over the next few years. Importance: Influence ''Cryptographic Coding for Data-Bank Privacy''
Description: Feistel Cipher s are a form of cipher of which DES is the most important. It would be hard to overestimate the importance of either Feistel or DES. Fesitel pushed a transition from stream ciphers to block ciphers. Although most ciphers operate on streams, most of the important ciphers today are block ciphers at their core. Importance: Influence '' Data Encryption Standard ''
Description: DES is not only one of the most widely deployed ciphers in the world but has had a profound development on the development of cryptography. Roughly a generation of cryptographers devoted much of their time to attacking and improving DES. Importance: Influence ''New directions in cryptography''
Description: This paper suggested , M.E.Hellman , "Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction to Cryptography" , in Proc. IEEE, Vol 67(3) Mar 1979, pp 397-427. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Introduction, Influence ''On the Signature Reblocking Problem in Public Key''
Description: In this paper (along with Loren M. Kohnfelder ,"Using Certificates for Key Distribution in a Public-Key Cryptosystem", MIT Technical report 19 May 1978), Kohnfelder introduced Certificate s (signed messages containing public keys) which are the heart of all modern Key Management System s. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Secure Communications Over Insecure Channels''
Description: This paper introduced a branch public key cryptography, known as public key distribution systems. Merkle work predated "New directions in cryptography" though it was published after it. The Diffie-Hellman key exchange is an implementation of such a Merkle system. Hellman himself has argued that the more correct name would be Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange. Importance: Influence ''A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public Key Cryptosystems''
Description: The RSA encryption method. The first public key encryption method. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers''
Description: This paper introduced the basic ideas of cryptographic protocols and showed how both secret-key and public-key encryption could be used to achieve authentication. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''How to Share a Secret''
Description: A safe method for sharing a secret. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough ''Data Security''
Description: A paper that surveys the problems in creating secure systems. The description of database inference is particularly chilling; after reading this you'll understand why it is very difficult to publish aggregated information such as census data without accidentally exposing the private information of individuals. Importance: influence ''Security policies and security models''
Description: Noninterference is the study of when interaction by one user with a system can affect what a second user sees. It can be applied to trying to stop an attacker disrupting the second user's view of the system, or to analysing whether a high-security first user can pass information to a low-level second user via a covert channel. This paper was the first to give a useful characterisation of this property. Importance: influence ''On the security of public key protocols'' Description: Introduced the model of the adversary against which almost all cryptographic protocols are judged. Importance: influence '' Probabilistic Encryption ''
Description: The paper provides a rigorous basis to encryption (e.g., Partial Information ) and shows that it possible to equate the slightest cryptanalysis to solve a pure math problem. Second, it introduces the notion of Computational Indistinguishability that has and will underpin our understanding of the world, since ultimately we all are bounded computational entities. Importance: Breakthrough, influence ''Fast, rigorous factorization and discrete logarithm algorithms''
Description: First published sub exponential algorithm to the Discrete Logarithm problem. The Discrete Logarithm problem is the base of many cryptographic systems. Pomerance algorithm is second chronologically to the work of Rich Schroeppel's work. Schroeppel rarely published and preferred to circulate his work to interested researchers. Schroeppel's work is referenced at Knuth, vol. 2, 2nd edition, pages 383-384. ''How to Prove all NP-Statements in Zero-Knowledge, and a Methodology of Cryptographic Protocol Design''
Description: This paper explains how to construct a zero-knowledge proof system for any language in NP. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''How to Play any Mental Game or A Completeness Theorem for Protocols with Honest Majority''
Description: Seminal paper in secure function evaluation Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''The Digital distributed system security architecture''
Description: This paper discusses issues related to privileges and authentication of software and hardware components in distributed systems. It is interesting in that it formalizes the understanding of the rights used by programs and software running on bahalf of users and other entities. The concepts from this paper provide an early glimpse at the issues of atestation addressed much later by trusted computing architectures. Importance: Influence ''Kerberos: An Authentication Service for Open Network Systems''
Description: The Kerberos Authentication Protocol , which allows individuals communicating over an insecure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure and practical manner. Importance: Influence ''Differential Cryptanalysis of DES-like Cryptosystems''
Description: The method of Differential Cryptanalysis . Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A new method for known plaintext attack of FEAL cipher''
Description: The method of Linear Cryptanalysis . Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''breaking and fixing the Needham-Schroeder Public-Key protocol using FDR''
Description: Used a standard model checker to analyse one of the original cryptographic protocols that had long been believed correct. By exposing what is now the most famous protocol attack using this method, this paper inspired an explosion of interest in the verification and analysis of such protocols that continues to this day. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Differential Collisions in SHA-0''
Description: A method for finding collisions in SHA-0 hash function. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''EFF DES cracker''
Description: the '''EFF DES cracker''' (nicknamed "'''Deep Crack'''") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) to perform a Brute Force search of DES 's keyspace--that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying every possible Key . The aim in doing this was to prove that DES's key is not long enough to be secure. Importance: Breakthrough (and break code), Influence ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ''Computing machinery and intelligence''
Description: This paper discusses whether machine can think and suggested the Turing Test as a method for checking it. In a sense, this was the beginning of Artificial Intelligence Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence'' Description: This summer research proposal marks the areas of research in Artificial Intelligence since then. It was a very long summer. Importance: Influence ''Fuzzy sets''
Description: The seminal paper published in 1965 provides details on the mathematics of Fuzzy Set theory. Importance: Topic creator, Influence ''Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference''
Description: This book introduced Bayesian methods to AI. Importance: Topic creator, Influence ''''
Description: The standard textbook in Artificial Intelligence. The book web site lists over 1000 colleges and universities in 93 countries using it. Importance: Introduction, Influence The Brain Makers: Genius, Ego & Greed In The Quest For Machines That Think''
Description: The definitive book on the business of creating artificial intellligence. Importance: MACHINE LEARNING '' Language Identification In The Limit ''
Description: This paper created Algorithmic Learning Theory . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''On the uniform convergence of relative frequencies of events to their probabilities''
Description: Computational Learning Theory , VC Theory , statistical uniform convergence and the VC Dimension . Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A theory of the learnable''
Description: The Probably Approximately Correct Learning (PAC learning) framework. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence ''Learning representations by back-propagating errors''
Description: Development of Backpropagation algorithm for Artificial Neural Network s. Note that the algorithm was first described by Paul Werbos in 1974 . Importance: Influence ''Induction of Decision Trees''
Description: Decision Tree s are a common learning algorithm and a decision representation tool. Development of decision trees was done by many researchers in many areas, even before this paper. Though this paper is one of the most influential in the field. Importance: Influence ''Learning Quickly When Irrelevant Attributes Abound: A New Linear-threshold Algorithm''
Description: One of the papers that started the field of on-line learning. In this learning setting, a learner receives a sequence of examples, making predictions after each one, and receiving feedback after each prediction. Research in this area is remarkable because (1) the algorithms and proofs tend to be very simple and beautiful, and (2) the model makes no statistical assumptions about the data. In other words, the data need not be random (as in nearly all other learning models), but can be chosen arbitrarily by "nature" or even an adversary. Specifically, this paper introduced the Winnow algorithm. Importance: Influence ''Learning to predict by the method of temporal differences''
Description: The Temporal Differences method for Reinforcement Learning . Importance: Influence ''Learnability and the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension''
Description: The complete characterization of PAC Learnability using the VC Dimension . Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Cryptographic limitations on learning boolean formulae and finite automata ''
Description: Proving negative results for PAC Learning . Importance: Influence '' The strength of weak learnability ''
Description: Proving that weak and strong learnability are equivalent in the noise free PAC Framework . The proof was done by introducing the Boosting method. '' Learning in the presence of malicious errors ''
Description: Proving possibility and impossibility result in the malicious errors framework. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A training algorithm for optimum margin classifiers''
Description: This paper presented Support Vector Machines , a practical and popular machine learning algorithm. Support vector machines utilize the Kernel Trick , a generally used method. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence COMPUTER VISION '' The Phase Correlation Image Alignment Method ''
Description: A correlation method based upon the inverse Fourier Transform Importance: Influence '' Determining Optical Flow ''
Description: A method for estimating the image motion of world points between 2 frames of a video sequence Importance: Influence '' An Iterative Image Registration Technique with an Application to Stereo Vision ''
Description: This paper provides efficient technique for image registration Importance: Influence '' The Laplacian Pyramid as a compact image code ''
Description: A technique for image encoding using local operators of many scales Importance: Influence '' Snakes : Active contour models ''
Description: An interactive variational technique for image segmentation and visual tracking Importance: Influence, topic creator '' Condensation -- conditional density propagation for visual tracking ''
Description: A technique for Visual Tracking Importance: Influence COMPILERS ''On the translation of languages from left to right''
Description: Bottom up parsing for deterministic context-free languages from which later the LALR approach of Yacc developed. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''Semantics of Context-Free Languages.''
Description: About grammar attribution, the base for yacc's S-attributed and zyacc's LR-attributed approach. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''A program data flow analysis procedure''
Description: From the abstract: "The global data relationships in a program can be exposed and codified by the static analysis methods described in this paper. A procedure is given which determines all the definitions which can possibly reach each node of the control flow graph of the program and all the definitions that are live on each edge of the graph." Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''YACC: Yet another compiler-compiler''
Description: Yacc is a tool that made Compiler writing much easier. Importance: Influence ''gprof: A Call Graph Execution Profiler''
SIGPLAN Notices 17, 6, Boston, MA. June 1982. Description: The Gprof Profiler ''Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools ''
Description: This book became a classic in compiler writing. It is also known as the Dragon Book , after the (red) dragon that appears on its cover. Importance: Introduction, Influence FORMAL VERIFICATION ''On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem ''
Description: In his paper on the Entscheidungsproblem, Alan Turing introduces the idea of a Turing Machine which he uses to prove the undecidability of the Halting Problem and (consequently) the undecidability of first-order logic (because if FOL were decidable then the Halting Problem would be decidable). This is the first of a series of so-called "negative" results formally proving that the set of all possible programs does not include a program V that is able to decide the formal correctness of (i.e. formally verify) any given program P - any attempt to write a "program verifier" V (always returning a yes/no result in a finite time) is therefore futile because the problem is provably impossible. However, it is still possible to write a program V' (returning a yes/no/maybe result) that is able to formally verify some programs but not all programs, even if it is not possible to define in advance exactly for which programs V' will be able to return "yes/no" rather than "maybe". Importance: Breakthrough '' Assigning Meaning to Programs ''
Description: Robert Floyd's landmark paper Assigning Meaning to Programs introduces the method of inductive assertions and describes how a program annotated with first-order assertions may be shown to satisfy a pre- and post-condition specification - the paper also introduces the concepts of loop invariant and verification condition. Importance: Topic creator '' An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming ''
Description: Tony Hoare's paper An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming describes a set of inference (i.e. formal proof) rules for fragments of an Algol-like programming language described in terms of (what are now called) Hoare-triples. Importance: Breakthrough '' Guarded Commands, Nondeterminacy and Formal Derivation of Programs ''
Description: Edsger Dijkstra's paper Guarded Commands, Nondeterminacy and Formal Derivation of Programs (expanded by his 1976 postgraduate-level textbook A Discipline of Programming) proposes that, instead of formally verifying a program after it has been written (i.e. post facto), programs and their formal proofs should be developed hand-in-hand (using predicate transformers to progressively refine weakest pre-conditions), a method known as program (or formal) refinement (or derivation), or sometimes "correctness-by-construction". Importance: Topic creator Edward A. Ashcroft: Proving Assertions about Parallel Programs. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 10(1): 110-135 (1975) ''Proving Assertions about Parallel Programs''
Description: The paper that introduced invariance proofs of concurrent programs. Importance: Breakthrough ''An Axiomatic Proof Technique for Parallel Programs I''
Description: In this paper, along with the same authors paper "Verifying Properties of Parallel Programs: An Axiomatic Approach. Commun. ACM 19(5): 279-285 (1976)", the axiomatic approach to parallel programs verification was presented. Importance: Breakthrough '' A Discipline of Programming ''
Description: Edsger Dijkstra's classic postgraduate-level textbook A Discipline of Programming extends his earlier paper Guarded Commands, Nondeterminacy and Formal Derivation of Programs and firmly establishes the principle of formally deriving programs (and their proofs) from their specification. Importance: Influence '' Denotational Semantics ''
Description: Joe Stoy's Denotational Semantics is the first (postgraduate level) book-length exposition of the mathematical (or functional) approach to the formal semantics of programming languages (in contrast to the operational and algebraic approaches). Importance: Introduction ''The Temporal Logic of Programs''
Description: The use of Temporal Logic was suggested as a method for formal verification. Importance: Topic creator, Impact ''Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system''
Description: The ordering of events is critical to consistency and correctness of many algorithms used in distributed computer systems. This paper discusses how such ordering can be managed consistently and introduces a set of rules for managing virtual time in such systems. These rules are the basis for many subsequent algorithms for ordering events in distributed system. Importance: Influence '' Communicating Sequential Processes (1978) ''
Description: Tony Hoare's (original) Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) paper introduces the idea of concurrent processes (i.e. programs) that do not share variables but instead cooperate solely by exchanging synchronous messages. Importance: Influence '' A Calculus of Communicating Systems ''
Description: Robin Milner's A Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) paper describes a process algebra permitting systems of concurrent processes to be reasoned about formally, something which has not been possible for earlier models of concurrency (semaphores, critical sections, original CSP). Importance: Breakthrough '' Software Development: A Rigorous Approach ''
Description: Cliff Jones' textbook Software Development: A Rigorous Approach is the first full-length exposition of the Vienna Development Method (VDM), which has evolved (principally) at IBM's Vienna research lab over the previous decade and which combines the idea of program refinement as per Dijkstra with that of data refinement (or reification) whereby algebraically-defined abstract data types are formally transformed into progressively more "concrete" representations. Importance: Influence ''The Science of Programming''
Description: David Gries' textbook The Science of Programming describes Dijkstra's weakest precondition method of formal program derivation, except in a very much more accessible manner than Dijkstra's earlier ''A Discipline of Programming''. Importance: Introduction ''Communicating Sequential Processes (1985)''
Description: Tony Hoare's Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) textbook (currently the third most cited computer science reference of all time) presents an updated CSP model in which cooperating processes do not even have program variables and which, like CCS, permits systems of processes to be reasoned about formally. Importance: Influence '' The Z Notation: A Reference Manual ''
Description: Mike Spivey's classic textbook The Z Notation: A Reference Manual summarises the formal specification language Z which, although originated by Jean-Raymond Abrial, has evolved (principally) at Oxford University over the previous decade (Z may ultimately become by far the most widely used language of its kind). Importance: Influence '' Communication and Concurrency ''
Description: Robin Milner's textbook Communication and Concurrency is a more accessible, although still technically advanced, exposition of his earlier CCS work. Importance: Introduction '' Programming from Specifications ''
Description: Carroll Morgan's Programming from Specifications describes mature methods for the formal derivation of algorithms (along with their proofs) from specifications. Importance: Introduction '' The B-Book: Assigning Programs to Meanings ''
Description: Jean-Raymond Abrial's The B-Book: Assigning Programs to Meanings (note the nod to Floyd's work!) is a long-awaited textbook description of his B method for the formal derivation of algorithms (along with their proofs) from specifications. Importance: Influence '' The Theory and Practice of Concurrency ''
Description: Bill Roscoe's The Theory and Practice of Concurrency is a postgraduate-level textbook describing CSP (including mutually consistent operational, denotational and algebraic semantics) after many years of evolution at Oxford University. Importance: Introduction SOFTWARE ENGINEERING '' Science Committee''
Description: Conference of leading figures in software field circa 1968 Importance: Defined the field of Software Engineering '' Go To Statement Considered Harmful ''
Description: Don't use goto – the beginning of Structured Programming . Importance: Topic creator, Influence ''On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules''
Description: The importance of modularization and Information Hiding . Note that information hiding was first presented in a different paper of the same author - "Information Distributions Aspects of Design Methodology", Proceedings of IFIP Congress '71, 1971, Booklet TA-3, pp. 26-30 Importance: Breakthrough , Influence ''Hierarchical Program Structures''
Description: The beginning of Object-oriented Programming . This paper argued that programs should be decomposed to independent components with small and simple interfaces. They also argued that objects should have both data and related methods. Importance: Breakthrough , Influence ''A technique for software module specification with examples''
Description: Software Specification . Importance: Influence ''The Emperor's Old Clothes (Broken Link)''
Description: A lovely story of how large software projects can go right, and then wrong, and then right again, told with humility and humor. Illustrates the " Second-system Effect " and the importance of simplicity. Importance: Influence '' The Mythical Man-Month : Essays on Software Engineering''
Description: Throwing more people at the task will not speed its completion... Importance: Influence '' No Silver Bullet : Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering''
Description: We will keep having problems with software... Importance: Influence '' The Cathedral And The Bazaar ''
Description: Open Source Methodology . Importance: Influence '' Design Patterns : Elements of Reusable Object Oriented Software''
Description: This book was the first to define and list Design Pattern s in computer science Importance: Topic creator, Influence '' Statechart s: A Visual Formalism For Complex Systems''
Description: Statechart s are a visual modeling method. They are an extension of State Machine that might be exponentially more efficient. Therefore, statcharts enable formal modeling of applications that were too complex before. Statecharts are part of the UML diagrams. Importance: Influence PARALLEL COMPUTING ''The Structure of "THE"-Multiprogramming System''
Description: The introduction of basic primitives like mutex as the basis of multiprocessing programming. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence '' How to Make a Multiprocessor Computer That Correctly Executes Multiprocess Programs ''
Description: Requirements that guarantee the correct execution of multi process programs were defined. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence ''LogP: Towards a realistic model of parallel computation''
Description: The LogP framework for parallel computing was suggested. The LogP provided a way to bridge the gap between theoretical analysis of algorithm and building real world systems. Importance: Influence COMPUTER NETWORK S ''A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection''
Description: Packet Network Interconnection. Importance: Influence ''Ethernet: Distributed packet switching for local computer networks''
Description: The Ethernet protocol. Importance: Influence, Latest and greatest ''End-To-End Arguments in System Design''
Description: Many of critical design problems in networking and systems focus on the right "layer" in which to provide particular functionailty. The basic debate is whether the core system or network should provide the functionaility, or whether it should be left to the end-system or application to implement using more basic primitives provided in the core network or base system. This paper highlights these issues and argues for one side. The argument has occurred over and over again in various aspects of system design and it is important to understand the basic philosopy of both sides of the debate. Importance: Influence ''Internet Protocol''
Description: The Internet Protocol (IP).This paper describes the he Internet Protocol (IP), a fundamental protocol that drive the Internet. Required (but quite technical) reading for anyone who wants to understand networking. Importance: influence ''Transmission Control Protocol''
Description: The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Importance: Influence http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/birrell84implementing.html ''Implementing Remote Procedure Calls''
Description: This is the seminal paper on Remote Procedure Call , which provides a higher-level mechanism for communicating between the components of a distributed system. Importance: Influence ''A Dynamic Network Architecture''
Description: Network software in distributed systems. Importance: Influence DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ''The Byzantine Generals Problem ''
Description: Impossibility result for distributed computing, see Byzantine Failure . Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''Impossibility of Distributed Consensus with One Faulty process'' Description: Impossibility to achieve Consensus in Asynchronous Systems if one process is faulty . Importance: Influence, Breakthrough Nancy A. Lynch and Mark R. Tuttle. An introduction to input/output automata. CWI-Quarterly, 2(3):219-246, September 1989. Also available as MIT Technical Memo MIT/LCS/TM-373. (ps, pdf) ''An introduction to input/output automata''
Description: Input/output Automata Importance: ''The Topological Structure of Asynchronous Computability''
Description: The paper improved the understanding of asynchronous wait-free deterministic computation in the basic shared memory model. These papers transforming a dynamic model into a static one by associating computational tasks with simplicial complexes and translating the question of existence of a wait-free protocol into (distinct but related) topological questions about the complexes. The paper won the Gödel Prize at 2004 with "Wait-Free k-Set Agreement Is Impossible: The Topology of Public Knowledge". Importance: Influence, Breakthrough ''Wait-Free k-Set Agreement Is Impossible: The Topology of Public Knowledge''
Description: The paper improved the understanding of asynchronous wait-free deterministic computation in the basic shared memory model. These papers transforming a dynamic model into a static one by associating computational tasks with simplicial complexes and translating the question of existence of a wait-free protocol into (distinct but related) topological questions about the complexes. The paper won the Gödel Prize at 2004 with "The Topological Structure of Asynchronous Computability". Importance: Influence, Breakthrough INTERNET '' As We May Think ''
Description: The paper argued that as humans turned from war, scientific efforts should shift from increasing physical abilities to making all previous collected Human Knowledge more accessible. ''As We May Think'' predicted many kinds of technology invented after its publication, including Hypertext , Personal Computers , the Internet , the World Wide Web , Speech Recognition , and Online Encyclopedia s such as Wikipedia Importance: Influence ''Grapevine: An Exercise in Distributed Computing''
Description: The Grapevine system. The paper describes one of the first attempts to build a large-scale distributed system (the Xerox mail system). Exposes many interesting problems related to distributed systems and describes how they were solved in this particular system. Importance: Influence ''The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols''
Description: The DARPA Internet Protocols ( TCP / IP ). Importance: Influence ''The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine''
Description: The Anatomy of a Search Engine, known today as Google . Importance: Influence PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE S ''The FORTRAN Automatic Coding System''
Description: This paper describes the design and implementation of the first FORTRAN compiler by the IBM team. Fortran is a General-purpose , Procedural , Imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Importance: Breakthrough, Influence '' ALGOL 60 ''
Description: Algol 60 introduced block structure. Importance: Influence '' Simula 67 '' Description: Simula 67 introduced object orientation to the field of programming languages Importance: Influence COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE '' Colossus Computer ''
Description: The '''Colossus''' machines were early computing devices used by British Codebreaker s to read encrypted German messages during World War II . Colossus was an early Binary electronic digital Computer . The design of Colossus was later described in the referenced paper. Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough , Influence '' First Draft Of A Report On The EDVAC ''
Description: It contains the first published description of the logical design of a computer using the stored-program concept, which has come to be known as the Von Neumann Architecture . Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough , Influence ''Architecture of the IBM System/360''
Description: The ''' IBM System/360 ''' ('''S/360''') is a Mainframe Computer system family announced by IBM on April 7 , 1964 . It was the first family of computers making a clear distinction between Architecture and implementation. Importance: Breakthrough , Influence ''The case for the reduced instruction set computer''
Description: The ''reduced instruction set computer''( '' RISC '') CPU Design philosophy. The RISC is a CPU Design philosophy that favors a reduced instruction set as well as a simpler set of Instruction s. Importance: Breakthrough , Influence ''Comments on "the Case for the Reduced Instruction Set Computer"''
Description: Importance: ''The CRAY-1 Computer System''
Description: The ''' Cray-1 ''' was a Supercomputer designed by a team including Seymour Cray for Cray Research . The first Cray-1 system was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976 , and it went on to become one of the best known and most successful supercomputers in history. Importance: ''Validity of the Single Processor Approach to Achieving Large Scale Computing Capabilities''
Description: The Amdahl's Law . Importance: ''A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)''
Description: This paper discusses the concept of RAID disks, outlines the different levels of RAID, and the benefits of each level. It is a good paper for discussing issues of reliability and fault tolerance of computer systems, and the cost of providing such fault-tolerance. Importance: Influence COMPUTER GRAPHICS ''Elastically deformable models''
SIGGRAPH'87 Conference, Anaheim, CA, July, 1987. Description: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences cited this paper as a "milestone in computer graphics". Importance: Influence HISTORY OF COMPUTATION ''The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann''
Description: Perhaps the first book on the history of computation. Importance: ''A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century'' edited by:
Description: Several chapters by pioneers of computing. Importance: COMPUTER SCIENCE HUMOR ''The Complexity of Songs''
Description: The article capitalizes on the tendency of popular Song s to evolve from long and content-rich Ballad s to highly repetitive "content-free" texts. Importance: humor is considered healthy ''On Folk Theorems''
Description: A paper that is both serious and funny about "the things we all know". Importance: Makes you wonder how we know what we all know. '' How To Prove It ''
Description: Angluin presents some common proof techniques that should become less common. Importance: When treated seriously, highly pedagogic SEE ALSO
Awards for publications (and not for general contribution):
EXTERNAL LINKS
''Academic Search Engines'' FURTHER READING
|
|
|