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The LNM represented one of the two main forces during the first round of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War , the other being the militias of mainly Christian Lebanese Front which comprises the Phalange , the National Liberal Party and others; as well as parts of the Maronite -dominated central government. The LNM had been founded out of the , more support to the Palestinian struggle and the demission of President Suleiman Frangieh . {Link without Title} .Soon after the outbreak of the war, it announces the creation of an executive structure, "the central political council". Among the participants in the LNM were the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP), the Communist Action Organization (CAO), the PSP, Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP), the two Lebanese Ba'th Party (the pro- Syrian and pro- Iraqi factions) as well as the Al-Murabitun militia of the Independent Nasserist Organization , the mainly Shiite Amal Movement and several other minor Nasserite groups. Several Palestinian organizations joined the LNM, notably many from the Rejectionist Front . Both the PFLP and the PDFLP/ DFLP were active participants. At the beginning of the war in 1975 the different LNM militias regrouped roughly 25,000 militiamen (Besides their Palestinians factions allies) against 18,000 right-wing militiamen. They are distributed as following {Link without Title} : spoils, pro-Syria Baath branch, Amal Movement , and an important SSNP faction leave the movement or chill their participation . In June 1976, the Syrian Army, fearing that a Palestinian victory weaknesses its own strategic position, intervenes alongside the Lebanese Front . After a strong initial resistance, the LNM/PLO forces begin losing ground, and as the Arab Countries approve finally the Syrian intervention after the Cairo and Riyadh conferences, they accept finally a cease-fire, the Syrian forces acting apart a deterrent force, the "Arab Deterrent Forces" (ADF), between the belligerents. In 1977 Walid Jumblatt become the head of the LNM after the murder of his resigning father Kamal in a guet-apens widely accredited to Syria n intelligence across pro-Syrians SSNP militants. Despite this fact, Walid aligns his self with the Syrian positions, and maintains good working relationship with President Hafez Al-Assad who had shared with his father a notorious mutual distrust. In 1978 The Israel i ( Operation Litani ) in southern Lebanon was partly directed against LNM militias, then fighting alongside the PLO after the relation improve with Syria. In June 1982, the Movement was virtually dissolved after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and remplaced by The Lebanese National Resistance Front ( Arabic : جبهة المقاومة الوطنية اللبنانية), which began in September of the same year guerilla operations against the Israeli Army. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS |
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