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engine #1129 on the corner of Grand & Mills]] Las Vegas is a city in San Miguel County , New Mexico , United States . Once two separate towns, West Las Vegas ("Old Town") and East Las Vegas ("New Town"), divided by the Gallinas River, retain distinct characters and separate, rival, school districts. The population was 14,565 at the 2000 census. It is the County Seat of San Miguel County . Las Vegas is the home of New Mexico Highlands University . It is also a venue used by the IBNA for teacher training, perhaps due to the proximity of the Armand Hammer United World College Of The American West . HISTORY Las Vegas was established in 1835 after a group of settlers received a land grant from the Mexican government. The town was laid out in the traditional Spanish Colonial style, with a central plaza surrounded by buildings which could serve as fortifications in case of attack. Las Vegas soon prospered as a stop on the Santa Fe Trail . During the Mexican-American War in 1846, Stephen W. Kearny delivered an address at the Plaza of Las Vegas claiming New Mexico for the United States. When the railroad arrived in 1880 it set up shop one mile east of the Plaza, creating a separate, rival New Town (as in Albuquerque ). During the railroad era Las Vegas boomed, quickly becoming one of the largest cities in the American southwest. Turn-of-the-century Las Vegas featured all the modern amenities, including an electric street railway, the "Duncan Opera House" at the NE corner of 6th Street and Douglas Avenue, a Carnegie Library , a major Harvey House hotel, and the New Mexico Normal School (now NMHU). Since the decline of the railroad began in the 1950s the city's population has remained relatively constant. Although the two towns have been combined, two separate school districts remain. GEOGRAPHY Las Vegas is located at (35.597031, -105.222589). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 19.5 Km&2 (7.5 Mi&2 ), all land. DEMOGRAPHICS As of the Census of 2000, there were 14,565 people, 5,588 households, and 3,559 families residing in the city. The Population Density was 748.8/km&2 (1,938.2/mi&2). There were 6,366 housing units at an average density of 327.3/km&2 (847.1/mi&2). The racial makeup of the city was 54.21% White , 0.99% African American , 1.96% Native American , 0.61% Asian , 0.10% Pacific Islander , 37.19% from Other Races , and 4.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 82.94% of the population. There were 5,588 households out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% were Married Couples living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.08. In the city the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $24,214, and the median income for a family was $29,797. Males had a median income of $26,319 versus $21,731 for females. The Per Capita Income for the city was $12,619 as compared to $21,587 nationally as noted in the 2000 Census. About 24.3% of families and 27.8% of the population were below the Poverty Line , including 35.7% of those under age 18 and 20.1% of those age 65 or over. ARCHITECTURE Las Vegas is home to a very large number of historic structures (mostly railroad-era houses and commercial buildings), with over 900 listed on the National Register Of Historic Places . Although many buildings are in varying states of deterioration, others have been restored or are awaiting restoration. Some of the city's notable buildings include:
TRANSPORTATION Railway
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