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KwaZulu-Natal, often referred to as "'''KZN'''", is a Province of South Africa . Prior to 1994 the territory now known as KwaZulu-Natal was made up of the Province Of Natal and all pieces of territory that made up the Bantustan of KwaZulu . In the 1830s the northern part was the kingdom of Zululand and southern part was briefly a Boer republic called Natalia . In the 1840s the latter became the British Colony Of Natal , though Zululand (KwaZulu in Zulu) remained independent until 1879 . It is called the garden province and is the home of the Zulu Nation . Located in the southeast of the country, it borders three other provinces and the countries of Mozambique , Swaziland , and Lesotho , along with a long shoreline on the Indian Ocean. GEOGRAPHY The province has three different geographic areas. The lowland region along the Indian Ocean Coast is extremely narrow in the south, widening in the northern part of the province. The central region is the Natal Midlands and is an undulating hilly plateau rising towards the west. Two mountainous areas, the Drakensberg Mountains in the west and the Lebombo Mountains in the north. The Drakensberg is a solid wall of Basalt rising over 3000m skyward near the Lesotho border, whilst the Lebombo Mountains are ancient Granite mountains forming low parallel ranges running southward from Swaziland . The Tugela River flows west to east across the center of the province and is the region's largest river. The coastal regions typically have Subtropical thickets and deeper ravines and steep slopes hosts some true Afromontane Forest . The midlands have moist grasslands and isolated pockets of Afromontane Forest . The north has a primarily moist Savanna habitat, whilst the Drakensberg region hosts mostly Alpine Grassland . The former Eastern Cape Enclave of the town of Umzimkulu and its hinterland have been incorporated into KwaZulu-Natal following the 12th amendment of the Constitution Of South Africa . The amendment also made other changes to the southern border of the province. Climate KwaZulu-Natal has a varied yet verdant climate thanks to diverse, complex topography. Generally, the coast is being similar in the summer, but much cooler in the winter. Ladysmith in the Tugela River Valley reaches 30°C in the summer, but may drop below freezing on winter evenings. The Drakensberg can experience heavy winter snow, with light snow occasionally experienced on the highest peaks in summer. The Zululand north coast has the warmest climate and highest humidity. Borders KwaZulu-Natal borders the following areas of Mozambique, Swaziland, and Lesotho:
Domestically, it borders the following provinces:
Municipal structure See Also: Parks of KwaZulu-Natal List of cities and towns in KwaZulu-Natal Kwa-Zulu Natal is divided into 11 Districts . One of these, EThekwini is a Metropolitan Municipality and the other 10 are District Municiplalities .
Coastline The coastline is dotted with small towns, many of which serve as seasonal recreational hubs. The climate of the coastal areas is humid and subtropical, comparable to southern , Port Shepstone , Scottburgh and Port Edward in its definition of what constitutes the South Coast, while Ballito , Umhlanga and Salt Rock are quintessentially North Coast resort towns. Superb beaches of world-class quality are to be found along virtually every part of South Africa's eastern seaboard, with some of the least developed gems found in the far southern and far northern ends of the province's extents. The beach at Marina Beach (and its adjoining resort San Lameer) was recognized in 2002 as a Blue Flag Beach . An extraordinary natural phenomenon that is witnessed annually on the KwaZulu-Natal coast during late autumn or early winter is the " Sardine Run ". Also referred to as "the greatest shoal on earth", the sardine run occurs when millions of Sardine s migrate from their spawning grounds south of the southern tip of Africa northwards along the Eastern Cape coastline towards KwaZulu-Natal following a path close inshore, often resulting in many fish washing up on beaches along the coast. The huge shoal of tiny fish can stretch for many kilometres and is followed and preyed upon by thousands of predators, including Game Fish , Shark s, Dolphin s and Seabird s. Usually the shoals break up and the fish disappear into deeper water around Durban . Many questions surrounding this exceptional event remain unanswered. Hilly interior The interior of the province consists largely of rolling hills from the Valley Of A Thousand Hills to the Midlands . These have been the subject of literature. Alan Paton , in the novel '' Cry, The Beloved Country ,'' said: :''There is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. These hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it. The road climbs seven miles into them, to Carisbrooke; and from there, if there is no mist, you look down on one of the fairest valleys of Africa. About you there is grass and bracken and you may hear the forlorn crying of the Titihoya , one of the birds of the veld. Below you is the valley of the Umzimkulu , on its journey from the Drakensberg to the sea; and beyond and behind the river, great hill after great hill; and beyond and behind them, the mountains of Ingeli and East Griqualand . '' in the province.]] HISTORY Vasco Da Gama of Portugal saw the coast of Natal on Christmas Day 1497 . Christmas in Portuguese is ' Natal ', which gave rise to the original name for the region. Its territory was once part of a Short-lived Boer Republic between 1839 and its annexation by Britain in 1843 . When the Bantustan of KwaZulu , which means "Place of the Zulu" was re-incorporated into the Natal province after the end of Apartheid in 1994 , the province of Natal which had existed between 1910 and 1994 was renamed KwaZulu-Natal. The province is home to the Zulu monarchy, and the majority population and language of the province is Zulu. It is also the only province in South Africa which includes the name of its dominant ethnic group in its name. PROVINCIAL COAT OF ARMS The supporters, the Lion and the Wildebeest , are symbols of the regions that were joined to create KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu and Natal Province respectively. 2006, ''My Country South Africa - celebrating our national symbols and heritage'', Educational booklet released by the Department Of Education , ISBN 1-77018-108-3 The zig-zag stripe is representative of the Drakensberg mountains. The star represents the coastline being given the name "Natalia" by Vasco Da Gama on Christmas day, 1497 , as well as the Zulu myth that the Zulu people are "people of heaven" or "star people". The Strelitzia flower on the shield is a symbol of the province's beauty. The Assegai and Knobkerrie behind the shield represent peace and protection. The crown base is a headring worn by Zulu elders, representing wisdom and maturity. The crown itself is a round grass hut built in the Zulu style. The motto is ''"Masisukume Sakhe"'', isiZulu for "Let Us Stand Up and Build". LAW AND GOVERNMENT See Also: Politics of KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government The KwaZulu-Natal's provincial government sits in the legislative buildings in Pietermaritzburg . The site where the legislative buildings are situated was occupied by St Mary's Church, which was built in the 1860s . A new church was built at the corner of Burger Street and Commercial Road, and opened in 1884 . The old building was demolished in 1887 to provide space for the legislative complex. The foundation stone of the new legislative building was laid on 21 June 1887 , to commemorate Queen Victoria 's Golden Jubilee . The building was completed two years later. On 25 April 1889 , the Governor of Natal, Sir Arthur Havelock , opened the first Legislative Council session in the new building. When governance was granted to Natal in 1893 , the new Legislative Assembly took over the chamber that was used by the Legislative Council since 1889. Further extensions to the parliamentary building were made. The building was unoccupied until 1902 when it was used without being officially opened, due to the fact that the country was engulfed in the Anglo-Boer War . The war also affected the Legislative Assembly, which had to move the venue of its sittings when the chamber was used as a military hospital. building, located in Pietermaritzburg , South Africa .]] The Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council buildings, both national monuments, formed a colonial Parliament of two houses: a Council of 11 nominated members and an Assembly of 37 elected members. The Natal Parliament was disbanded in 1910 when the Union of South Africa was formed, and the Assembly became the meeting place of the Natal Provincial Council. The Council was disbanded in 1986. The Provincial Legislature consists of 80 Members. Current Composition of the Legislature The African National Congress (ANC) hold power in the provincial legislature, although they won the province by a very small majority in South Africa's 2004 elections. Their chief opponents were the Inkatha Freedom Party , allied with the Democratic Alliance . Breakup of the 80-seat legislature from the 2004 elections: : African National Congress (ANC): 38 : Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP); 30 : Democratic Alliance (DA): 7 : African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP): 2 : Minority Front (MF): 2 : United Democratic Movement (UDM): 1 Zulu Monarch KwaZulu-Natal, as the name may suggest, is also the home to the Zulu Monarch , King Goodwill Zwelithini KaBhekuzulu . Although not holding any direct political power, the Zulu king is provided a stipend by the government, and holds considerable sway over more traditionalist Zulu people in the province. To date the zulu king has thirteen wives, although each year a ceremony is performed in which the king receives another wife. ECONOMY Durban is a rapidly growing urban area and is one of the busiest ports in Africa with a good rail network linking into Southern Africa. Sugar refining is the main industry. Sheep , Cattle , Dairy , Citrus fruits, Corn , Sorghum , Cotton , Banana s, and Pineapple s are also raised. There is an embryonic KwaZulu-Natal Wine industry. Industries, located mainly in and around Durban, include (besides sugar refineries) Textile , Clothing , Rubber , Fertilizer , Paper , vehicle assembly and food-processing plants, tanneries, and Oil refineries. There are large Aluminum -smelting plants at Richards Bay, on the central coast. The province produces considerable Coal (especially coke) and Timber . About 82% of the population is black. During apartheid, a large percentage were forced to live in Bantu homelands (Bantustans), which had a subsistence economy based on cattle raising and corn growing. EDUCATION As of the 2001 Census 22.9% of the population in KwaZulu-Natal aged 20 years or more have received no education, while only 4.8% have higher education.
SPORT Famous sports events
Provincial sports teams
CONTROVERSIES In June 2007 the KZN parliament passed the Prevention of Slums Bill in the Provincial Parliament. The Bill compels landowners to evict shackdwellers on the threat of arrest and criminalises resistance to evictions. The provincial Department of Housing, that brought the Bill to the Provincial Parliament, has repeatedly stated that 'the slums will be cleared by 2010 in KwaZulu-Natal'. The Bill has been heavily criticized by academics, human rights organisations and civil society. The shack dwellers' movement Abahlali BaseMjondolo is planning mass mobilizing against the Bill and is also taking the matter to the Constitutional Court with support from a pro bono legal legal centre.http://www.abahlali.org/node/1629 REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
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