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INTRODUCTION Knockentiber lies on the old toll road from Kilmaurs to Crosshouse, with a junction for Kilmarnock and a country road leading to Busbiehill, West Plann, Southhook and ultimately the Cunninghamhead and Perceton districts. A minor road branches off for Busbiehill and Knockentiber. HISTORY Ainslie'sAinslie, John (1821). A Map of the Southern Part of Scotland. map of 1822 marks the site of the settlement as Bushby, although a 'Knockintiber' is marked as being nearby. The name 'Knokmdybir' is marked on Pont's map of 1604,Pont, Timothy (1604). ''Cuninghamia.'' Pub. Blaeu in 1654. but no mention is made of Busbie. Armstrong's map of 1775, shows both Busbie as a ruin with woodland policies and Knockentiber as a separate settlement nearby.Armstrong and Son. Engraved by S. Pyle (1775). A New Map of Ayr Shire comprehending Kyle, Cunningham and Carrick.The 1860 OS shows that a pre-reformation chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary was situated close to the site of Busbie Castle. A small hamlet of thatched cottages was also clustered near the castle, making this a distinct settlement at that time. In 1860 the OS shows 'Old Busbie' on the opposite side of the road from the site of the castle. Busbie and Knockentiber progressively grew together over the years. Busbie is more or less an alternative name for the area until the Royal Mail reorganised its postal districts in the 1930s and at that point many hamlets and other localities ceased to exist officially.Strawhorn, John and Boyd, William (1951). ''The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Ayrshire.'' Pub. Edinburgh. Busbiehill, Busbie mains, Busbie holdings, Busbie cottages and Busbiehead are still extant nearby. Archibald AdamsonAdamson, Archibald R. (1875). Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. Kilmarnock. Pps. 93 - 94. walking through the area in 1875 remarks on the handsome railway bridge and his view of the Plann estate and the extensive fireclay works of John McNight and Son, the senior partner being the owner of the estate of Plann. A pit had been sunk near the mansion house and to the surprise of all the experts, good quality ironstone was found. Top quaility coal and fireclay were also found in the vicinity. He describes Knockentiber as being a row of old houses occupied by miners. Laigh Milton Viaduct over the River Irvine is situated near Gatehead, a few miles away on the other side of Crosshouse. This is the oldest railway viaduct in Scotland1 and one of the oldest in the World. 2 Busbie Castle Knockentiber was close to several country estates which provided employment and helped create the need for the establishment of settlements such as Knockentiber. The old castle, a ruin since at leat the 1770s was demolished in 1949Strawhorn, John and Boyd, William (1951). ''The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Ayrshire.'' Pub. P. 475 as it had been unsafe for many years and the funds were not found to renovate the structure. Busbie Estates and Collective Securities Limited owned a fair amount of land in the 1950s. MacIntosh in 1894 refers to the castle as being "a'' prominent object in an otherwise monotonous landscape''"MacIntosh, John (1894). ''Ayrshire Nights Entertainments: A Descriptive Guide to the History, Traditions, Antiquities, etc. of the County of Ayr.'' Pub. Kilmarnock. P. 195. and describes the gun ports and arrow slits, also a sculptured cable which wound itself fantastically round the walls. He also states that the castle probably had three floors, was roofless and fast falling into decay and regards it as being from the 14th century and probably built by the Mowat family who came from FlintshireDobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). ''Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont'' 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Pub. John Tweed, Glasgow. in the 12th century. A Robert de Montealt (Monteacute) is recorded as being in Scotland at the time of King David; later several soldiers of that name led armies into Scotland. William Craufurd of Wallston married a daughter of Mowat of Busbie circa 1400. A Charles Mowat of Busbie is mentioned in the records of 1534 as being involved in the murder of William Cunyngham of Craganis and his servant. Charles Mowat was tutor to Hugh, Earl of Eglinton in 1546.Dobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). ''Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont'' 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Pub. John Tweed, Glasgow. Charles was fined £47 in 1571-2 for celebrating mass at Eglinton. In 1547 a Charles Mowat was again involved in a murder, this time with Lord Boyd; Sir Neil Montgomerie of Lainshaw being the victim. His punishment was to remain in France until Sir Neil Montgomerie, son of the murdered Sir Neil, permitted him to return.Robertson, William (1908). Ayrshire. Its History and Historic Families. Vol.1. Pub. Dunlop & Dreenan. Kilamrnock. P. 190 It was not all one way, for a brother of the Earl of Eglinton appears in court having provoked John Mowatt, Laird of Busby, and his servant, one Andrew Stevenston in the streets of Stewarton.Robertson, William (1889). ''Historical Tales of Ayrshire.'' Pub. Hamilton, Adams & Co. P.188. The Mowat involved in the Montgomerie murder was in turn slain by William & Harrie (Sic) Stewart,Dobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). ''Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont'' 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Pub. John Tweed, Glasgow. the two sons of Lord Ochiltree in 1577. Alexander, the eldest son does not appear to inherit, instead James, his younger brother succeeds to the lands. James's son, also James is the last Mowat to appear in the public record.Dobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). ''Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont'' 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Pub. John Tweed, Glasgow.The name de Monhaud or de Monte Alto is recorded as being pronounced 'Mowat' by Dalrymple.Dalrymple, Sir David (1776). Annals of Scotland. Pub. J. Murray. London. Vol. II. P. 327. A frequently repeated legend is that of the Rev. Mr. Welsh of Ayr, who after providing several written warnings, prophesied the downfall of the house of Busbie, because the laird refused to suppress the custom of inviting guests to his house on the Sabbath day, and profaning the sabbath by playing football and other games. The prophesy was visibly fulfilled; for although the laird was very wealthy at the time, misfortune was heaped upon misfortune until he was forced to sell his estate, and when he was giving it over to the purchaser, he said with tears in his eyes, in front of his wife and children, "''Now Mr. Welsh is a true prophet''." This laird was the father of the Rev. Mathew (Sic) Mowat of Kilmarnock. James Mowat is the last to appear in the public records. James Ritchie of Craigton obtained the lands in 1763, succeeded by his son Henry in 1799, who also acquired the Cloncaird estate. William Wallace of Cairnhill (now Carnell), the nephew of Henry, next inherited the estate. General Sir James Wallace died in 1867 and passed the property to William Wallace of Busbie and Cloncaird. In 1661, Hugh, Earl Of Eglinton inherited the lands of Busbie, Knockentiber and Robertown, the family possessing these lands as far back as 1638.Adamson, Archibald R. (1875). ''Rambles Round Kilmarnock.'' Pub. Kilmarnock. Pps. 93 - 94. Other local Antiquities At the back of Greenhill farm, on the top of a steep bank in a circular mound about 21 m in diameter and 4 m in height. It may be an ancient barrow or tumulus. Some years before 1875 several stone coffins were found in a tumulus in a field, called 'Mound field' in 1912 on Waterpark farm. There had been two mounds on this side of the Carmel and the other one at Greenhill. The Waterpark mounds contained many stones, having an appearance of neither having been water worn or weathered; no trace of these two mounds now exists.Adamson, Archibald R. (1875). Rambles Round Kilmarnock. Pub. Kilmarnock. Pps. 93 - 94. The headless skeleton of a large man was found about five feet down RCAHMS Canmore in the Greenhill mound and this led to speculation that a 'Battle of Kilmaurs' had taken place nearby between King Macbeth and Malcolm III, known as Malcolm Canmore. Malcolm was the son of the murdered King Duncan and on this occasion he was forced to escape to his castle at Corsehill in Stewarton . He was nearly captured by MacBeth's soldiers, however a peasant named Friskin hid him by covering him with straw, hence the "Over Fork over" motto of the Cunninghame s and Stewarton.
THE BARONY OF ROBERTOUN This barony, once part of the Barony of Kilmaurs, ran from , Woodhills, Greenhill, Altonhill, Plann, Hayside, Thorntoun , Rash-hill Park, Milton, Windyedge, Fardelhill, Muirfields, Corsehouse. Thorntoun and other estates Thorntoun House And Estate , including Carmel Bank, previously a Cuninghame property lies towards Springside . It was home to various families, such as the Montgomeries, Ross's, Mures, Cuninghame's, Peebles, Wreys and Sturrocks, before becoming a school, opened by Barnardo's in September 1971 for children with emotional difficulties aged 11 to 16 years. The school closed in 1990 and Thorntoun finally became a nursing home. GroomeGroome, Francis H. (1880-85) Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical, published in parts by Thomas C. Jack, Grange Publishing Works, Edinburgh. refers to a mansion house at Knockentiber circa 1885, but gives no further details. The Collieries, Coal Pits and Quarries The 1860, 1898 - 1904 and, 1923 and 1912 OS maps all show that the extent to which Knockentiber was surrounded by Collieries , Coal Pit s and freight only railway or 'tram' lines. Collieries were located near Busbie farm and Plann. These were served by Standard Gauge mineral railway lines, criss-crossing the countryside; they all now lifted, with only a few embankments left to indicate their original course. In 1860 numerous old and current coal pits dotted the area. The waste bing of Busbie Colliery still lie close to Busbie farm in the field across the road. Greenhill freestone quarry lay over towards Waterpark and several limekilns were present near the Carmel Ford, etc. J. & R. Howie had extracted coal and clay under licence from the National Coal Board in 1951. Tiles were made at the Plann Brickworks and Balgray Bauxite Company had a small mine at Fardalehill. Quarry house still stands. Miner's Rows The County Council in 1932 planned to demolish most of the old miners' rows, a local case being Southhook row near Southhook farm.Strawhorn, John and Boyd, William (1951). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Ayrshire. Pub. P. 475 the 1895 OS shows a Fardlehill miners row on the Kilmarnock side of the farm, near Ellerslie. The Railway Crosshouse Railway Station opened on 4 April 1843 as Busby. Busby station had a short life and closed on 15 April 1850 , however the station reopened as Crosshouse (then as part of the Glasgow And South Western Railway ) on 1 September 1872 .and closed permanently to passengers on 6 April 1964 .Butt, R. V. J. (1995). ''The Directory of Railway Stations''. Patrick Stephens Ltd, Sparkford. ISBN 1-85260-508-1. Busbie Junction branched off to the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock And Ayr Railway (G&SWR) Busbie Branch to Irvine via Springside and Dreghorn . A milestone near Busbie Junction on the bridge over the Carmel, shown on the 1860 OS map appears to read Glasgow 32 miles and Gretna 84 miles. The old railway from Kilmarnock to Irvine, branching off at Busbie Junction (Crosshouse station), has become a tarmaced cyclepath, maintained by Sustrans. Sustrans Cyclepaths Most milestones are no longer in situ and often the only remaining clue is an otherwise unexplained 'kink' in the line of a hedgerow. The milestones were buried during the Second World War so as not to provide assistance to invading troops, German spies, etc.Wilson, Jenny (2006). Oral communication with Griffith, R.S.Ll. This seems to have happened all over Scotland, however Fife was more fortunate than Ayrshire, for the stones were taken into storage and put back in place after the war had finished.Stephen, Walter M. (1967-68). Milestones and Wayside Markers in Fife. Proc Soc Antiq Scot, V.100. P. 184. The 1860 OS does not indicated the milestone opposite Busbie farm, embedded in the tarmac of the pavement. It is marked on the circa 1983 OS map. This milestone is granite and has had its 'information' deleted by a coat of cement being applied to the surface, some of which has come off, revealing 'Crosshouse' and 'Kilmaurs'. This may have been by an assiduous workman 'blotting out' the information on a milestone which could not be buried easily; the fate of so many other milestones. Another milestone survives near to the entrance to Carmyle or Waterpark farm. It appears to have read Kilmaurs 1 mile and Crosshouse 2 miles, the lettering is also obscured by a 'wash' of cement. Farms West Plann (previously Planne) and Greenhill are nearby. South Woodhill and Carmyle or Waterpark lies on the Kilmaurs side of the old railway. Fardalehill is on the Kilmarnock road and Fergushill lies towards West Plann and Busbie Mains. Busbie Mill The present Busbie farm is marked on the older maps, e.g. 1860, as a mill, with a clear millrace or lade and a sluice. The water was taken from the Carmel somewhere in the vicinity of a dwelling marked as Busbie Holm, rejoining the burn just beyond the mill. It is not clear as to when the mill ceased to operate. It is likely that the mill was associated with the Lairds of Busbie. A Robertown mill is known to have existed, named from the title of the Barony. MISCELLANEOUS StrawhornStrawhorn, John and Boyd, William (1951). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. Ayrshire. Pub. P. 470 states in 1951 that a fair number of inhabitants are of Cornish extraction, having been brought up here to break a coal workers strike in the 1880s. They brought names like 'Chynoweth' with them, pronounced 'She-no-ef', Cornish or Kernewek for 'New House'. Andrew Fisher from nearby Crosshouse was Prime Minister of Australia on three occasions in the early 1900s. On the 1860 OS map the road from Kilmarnock enters via a ford with a wooden footbridge.
Knockentiber has a history up to the present day (2007) of fielding very successful junior football teams. The football pitch and associated facilities are literally at the centre of the community. The 'Tiber Tavern' was opened in the late 1990s, but has struggled to survive and having closed once it has re-opened. The last local shop ceased trading in the 1990s. The 1860 OS map marks a fine dwelling named as 'Knockentiber House'. This site is still occupied by a similarly pretentious dwelling, although apparently much modified. This was presumably the abode of a local business magnate. Above Busbiehead and Fergushill farms is a plantation on the 1860 OS called 'Lochhead'. This may be another of the many small lochs or lochans drained over the years to provide land for farming. The loch at Halket near Lugton and at Cranshaw, now Hillhead near Lambroughton are other examples of drained former lochs. New estates have boosted the population considerably (2007).
KNOCKENTIBER AND BUSBIE GALLERY |
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