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The State of Kansas ( of the United States Of America , an area often referred to as the American " Heartland ". It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, from the French "Cansez", by explorer Étienne De Veniard, Sieur De Bourgmont , and after the Kansa tribe, who inhabited the area.John Koontz, p.c. The tribe's name (natively ''kką:ze'') is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind", although this was probably not the term's original meaning.Rankin, Robert. 2005. "Quapaw". In ''Native Languages of the Southeastern United States'', eds. Heather K. Hardy and Janine Scancarelli. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pg. 492Connelley, William E. 1918. '' Indians ''. A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans, ch. 10, vol. 1 Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans." Historically, the area was home to large numbers of Nomadic Native Americans that hunted Bison . It was first settled by European Americans in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially Opened To Settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, Abolitionists from New England and pro- Slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a Free State or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas . The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29 , 1861 , Kansas entered the Union as a Free State . After the Civil War , the population of Kansas exploded when waves of Immigrants turned the Prairie into productive farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing many crops, and leading the nation in Wheat and Sunflower production. GEOGRAPHY Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. The state is divided up into 105 Counties with 628 Cities . It is located Equidistant from the Pacific and the Atlantic oceans. The Geographic Center Of The 48 Contiguous States is located in Smith County near Lebanon . The Geodetic Center of North America was located in Osborne County until 1983. This spot was until then used as the central reference point for all maps of North America produced by the U.S. government. The geographic center of Kansas is located in Barton County . Kansas is also one of the six states located on the Frontier Strip and one of several within Tornado Alley . Topography The western two thirds of the state, lying in the (208 m) along the Verdigris River at Coffeyville in Montgomery County , to 4039 feet (1,231 m) at Mount Sunflower , one half mile from the Colorado border, in Wallace County . , Kansas]] The Missouri River forms nearly 75 Mile s (120 km) of the state's northeastern boundary. The Kansas River (locally known as the Kaw), formed by the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers at appropriately-named Junction City , joins the Missouri at Kansas City , after a course of 170 miles (274 km) across the northeastern part of the state. The Arkansas River , rising in Colorado , flows with a bending course for nearly 500 miles (800 km) across the western and southern parts of the state. It forms, with its tributaries (the Little Arkansas (pronounced Ar-Kansas), Ninnescah , Walnut , Cow Creek , Cimarron , Verdigris, and the Neosho ), the southern drainage system of the state. Other important rivers are the Saline and Solomon , tributaries of the Smoky Hill River; the Big Blue , Delaware , and Wakarusa , which flow into the Kansas River; and the Marais Des Cygnes , a tributary of the Missouri River. National parks and historic sites Areas under the protection of the National Park Service include:
Climate Kansas contains three climate types, according to the climate, with cold winters and hot summers. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer and spring. The western third of the state has a Semiarid Steppe climate. Summers are hot, often very hot. Winters are cold in the northwest and cool to mild in the southwest. Also, the western region is semiarid, receiving an average of only about 16 Inch es (40 cm) of precipitation per year. Chinook Wind s in the winter can warm western Kansas all the way into the 80 degree Fahrenheit (25 °C) range. The far south-central and southeastern reaches of the state have a humid Subtropical Climate , with long, hot summers, short, mild winters, and much more precipitation than the rest of the state. Precipitation ranges from about 46 inches (1200 mm) annually in the southeast of the state, to about 16 inches (400 mm) in the southwest. Snowfall ranges from around 5 inches (130 mm) in the fringes of the south, to 35 inches (900 mm) in the far northwest. Frost-free days range from more than 200 days in the south, to 130 days in the northwest. Thus, Kansas is the 9th or 10th sunniest state in the country, depending on the source. Western Kansas is as sunny as parts of California and Texas. In spite of the frequent sunshine throughout much of the state, the state is also vulnerable to strong thunderstorms, especially in the spring. Many of these storms become Supercell thunderstorms. These can spawn Tornadoes , often of F3 strength or higher. According to statistics from the National Climatic Data Center , Kansas has reported more tornadoes (for the period 1st January 1950 through to 31st October 2006) than any state except for Texas - marginally even more than Oklahoma . It has also - along with Alabama - reported more F5 Tornadoes than any other state. These are the most powerful of all tornadoes. Kansas averages over 50 tornadoes annually. {Link without Title} NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on October 25, 2006. HISTORY See Also: History of Kansas For Millennia , the land that is presently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans . The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vásquez De Coronado , who explored the area in 1541. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase . Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, and the Republic of Texas until the conclusion of the Mexican-American War in 1848. From 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory . The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and Silver and furs from Santa Fe, New Mexico . Wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state. The Kansas-Nebraska Act became law on May 30 , 1854 , establishing the U.S. Territories of Nebraska and Kansas. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver , Colorado Springs , and Pueblo . on Lawrence, Kansas ]] Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Southeastern Kansas, namely Crawford County , Bourbon County , and Cherokee County , who attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery. The secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were Abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters , who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri . Directly presaging the American Civil War , these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas . Kansas was admitted to the United States as a Free State on January 29 , 1861 , making it the 34th state to enter the Union. By that time the violence in Kansas had largely subsided. However, during the Civil War, on August 21 , 1863 , William Quantrill led several hundred men on a raid into Lawrence , destroying much of the city and killing nearly two hundred people. Until the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , Quantrill's raid was the single bloodiest act of Domestic Terrorism in America. After the Civil War, many veterans constructed homesteads in Kansas. Many African Americans also looked to Kansas as the land of " John Brown " and led by men like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton began establishing black colonies in the state. At the same time, the Chisholm Trail was opened and the Wild West era commenced in Kansas. Wild Bill Hickok was a deputy marshal at Fort Riley and a marshal at Hays and Abilene . Dodge City was another wild cowboy town in the late 19th century. In one year alone, 8 million head of cattle from Texas boarded trains in Dodge City bound for the East, earning Dodge the nickname "Queen of the Cowtowns." Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp were both lawmen in Dodge City. In part as a response to the violence perpetrated by cowboys, on February 19 , 1881 , Kansas became the first U.S. state to adopt a Constitutional amendment prohibiting all Alcoholic Beverage s. DEMOGRAPHICS
As of 2006, Kansas has an estimated population of 2,764,075, which is an increase of 15,903, or 0.6%, from the prior year and an increase of 71,128, or 2.6%, since the year 2000. State Population Estimates . Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, and States and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (NST-EST2006-01). U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Released . The Center Of Population of Kansas is located in Chase County , at , approximately three miles north of the community of Strong City .http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt As of 2004, the population included 149,800 foreign-born (5.5% of the state population), and an estimated 47,000 illegal aliens (1.7% of state population). The largest reported ancestries in the state are: ancestry are especially strong in the northwest, while those of British ancestry and descendants of white Americans from other states are especially strong in the southeast. Mexicans are present in the southwest and make up nearly half the population in certain counties. Many African Americans in Kansas are descended from the "Exodusters", newly freed blacks who fled the South for land in Kansas following the Civil War. ''See Also British American and German-American '' Rural flight Kansas, as well as five other Midwest states ( Nebraska , Oklahoma , North Dakota , South Dakota and Iowa ), is feeling the brunt of a falling population. Known as a Rural Exodus , the last few decades have been marked by a migratory pattern out of the countryside into cities. The trends have people moving from rural areas into urban areas. Beginning in the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, people moved for a variety of reasons. This problem persists to the present day in the western parts of Great Plains states such as Nebraska and Kansas. Out of all the cities in these Midwestern states, 89% have fewer than 3000 people, and hundreds of those have fewer than 1000. In Kansas alone, there are more than 6,000 of the major cities in Kansas, with people taking up residences in the suburbs at the fringe of urban areas. ECONOMY |