Information AboutKamboj |
| CATEGORIES ABOUT KAMBOJ | |
| kambojas | |
| ethnic groups in pakistan | |
| punjabi tribes | |
| social groups of india | |
| social groups of pakistan | |
|
'' See Main Articles '' : Kambojas , Kamboja Kingdom Kamboj (, , . Their Muslim counterparts living in Pakistan mostly use Kamboh instead. The Kambojs/Kambohs (''and the Kamojis of Kafirstan '' in north-east Afghanistan) are the modern representatives of ancient Kambojas , a well-known Kshatriya Tribe of the Indo-Aryan s terminology, said to have had both India n as well as Iran ian affinities See: Vedic index of names & subjects by Dr. Arthur Anthony Macdonnel, Dr Arthur. B Keath, I.84, p 138. Ethnology of Ancient Bhārata, 1970, p 107, Dr Ram Chandra Jain. The Journal of Asian Studies, 1956, p 384, Association for Asian Studies, Far Eastern Association (U.S.). Balocistān: siyāsī kashmakash, muz̤mirāt va rujḥānāt, 1989, p 2, Munīr Aḥmad Marrī. India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī, 1953, p 49, Dr Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala. Afghanistan, p 58, W. K. Fraser, M. C. Gillet. Afghanistan, its People, its Society, its Culture, Donal N. Wilber, 1962, p 80, 311 etc.. KAMBOJAS: A KSHATRIYA CLAN In India, the Kambojas obviously belonged to the Kshatriya Caste of Indo-Aryan society. The earliest and most powerful reference endorsing the Kshatriya-hood of the Kambojas is Panini 's fifth century BCE '' Ashtadhyayi ''. Panini refers to the Kamboja Janapada , and mentions it as "one of the fifteen powerful Kshatriya Janapadas" of his times, inhabited and ruled by Kamboja Kshatriyas.Ashtadhyayi, 4.1.168-175 See: Kambojas Of Panini ]] The '' Harivamsa '' attests that the clans of Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas, Pahlavas etc. were "formerly noble Kshatriyas". It was king Sagara who had deprived the Kambojas, and other allied tribes, of their Kshatiya-hoodHarivamsa 14.19 and forbade them from performing ''Svadhyayas'' and ''Vasatkaras''.Harivamsa, 14.17 The ''Harivamsa'' calls this group of Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas and Paradas as "''Kśatriya-pungavah''", i.e., foremost among the Kśatriyas. Vayu Purana calls them as ''"Kśatriya ganah"'' ( Kshatriya Horde s). Vayu Purana: v 88.127-43. Cultural History from Vayu Purana, 1973, p 27, fn 185, Reprint of 1946 Edition, published by Deccan College Post Graduate Research Institute, Poona Foreign Elements in Ancient Indian Society, 2nd Century BC to 7th Century AD - 1979, p 125, Uma Prasad Thapliyal.. The '' Manusmriti '' attests that the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas etc were originally "noble Kshatriyas", but were gradually degraded to the status of Sudra s, on account of their neglect of sacred rites and non-entertainment of the Brahmanas in their countries.Manusmriti verses X.43-44 The '' Mahabharata '' likewise, also notes that the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas, Pahlavas, et al. were originally "noble Kshatriyas", who later got degraded to barbaric status due to the wrath of the Brahmanas.MBH 13.33.31-32 The '' Arthashastra '' of Kautiliya Arthashastra 11.1.04 attests the ''Kshatriya Shrenis'' (Corporations of Warrior s) of the Kambojas, Surashtra s, and some other nations, and mentions them as living by agriculture, trade and warfare. The Legend of '' Daivi Khadga '' or Divine Sword detailed in ''Shantiparva'' of ''Mahabharata''MBH 12.166.1-81 also powerfully endorses the Kshatriya-hood of the Kambojas. The sword as the "symbol of Kshatriya-hood" was wrested by the Warrior king Kamboja from the Kosala king Kuvalashava alias Dhundhumara, from whom it went to another warrior king called Muchukunda . :Sanskrit: :Dhundhumarachcha Kambojo Muchukundastato.alabhat :MuchukundanMaruttashcha Maruttadapi Raivatah ::(MBH 12.166.77-78) See: Mahabharata Sword '' Bhagavata Purana ''BHagavata Purana 2.7.35 references a king of the Kambojas, and calls him a "powerfully armed mighty warrior" (''samiti-salina atta-capah Kamboja''). '' Kalika Purana ''Kalika Puranna 20/40 refers to a war between the Buddhist king Kali ( Maurya Brihadratha ) and the Brahmanical king Kalika ( Pusyamitra Sunga ), where the Kambojas came as military supporters to Brihadratha, (187-180) BCE. The ''Purana'' notes the Kamboja warriors as ''Kambojai...bhimavikramaih'', i.e. the Kambojas of terrific military prowess", again confirming the Kshatriya-hood of the Kambojas. Brahmanda Purana talks of 21 battles waged by Brahmin sage ''Parsurama'' against the ancient Kashatriya clans of the Indian subcontinent. The list of Kshatriyas whom sage Parsurama fought with includes the Kambojas as well.Brahmanda Purana, 3.41.36; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 19, Dr J. L. Kamboj; Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, p 15, S. Kirpal Singh This ancient evidence again verifies that Kambojas were a Kshatriya clan. There are numerous similar references in the Puranas , ''Mahabharata'', '' Ramayana '' and other ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature, that further document the Kshatriya-hood of the Kambojas. Passages in Mahabharata , Purana s and other ancient texts indicate that the Kambojas were a '' 'valiant warriors' ''ete Durvarana nama Kambojah (=Kamboja warriors, difficult to be resisted like wild elephants), Mahabharata 7.112.43; The Indian Historical Quarterly, 1963, p 124.; particularly '' 'hard to fight with' '' Journal of the American Oriental Society - P 295, American Oriental Society.; ''invincible'' ''Kambojasainyan vidravya durjayam yudhi bharata''.; expert in the use of '' 'diverse weapons' '' Ibid.; The Social and Military Position of the Ruling Caste in Ancient India, as Represented by the Sanskrit Epic, Edward W. Hopkins, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 13, 1889 (1889), pp. 57-376.; '' 'wrathful, ferocious and shaved-headed warriors' '' ibid.; Mahabharata 7.112.43-45; ''mundanetan ....Kambojan.eva''... MBH 7.119.23.; expert cavalarymen Ashva.yuddha.kushalah: Mahabharata 7.7.14; Vishnudharmotra Purana, Part II, Chapter 118; Post Gupta Polity (AD 500-700): A Study of the Growth of Feudal Elements and Rural Administration 1972, p 136, Ganesh Prasad Sinha; Wisdom in the Puranas 1969, p 64, Prof Sen Sarma etc. Vishnudharmotra Purana attests: ''"The soldiers of Deccan (Daksinatya) are knowledgeable or efficient in Khadga fight, the people of Vankala are expert in archery, the hill people are at-ease in stone or sling fight (pasana-yudha), the people of Anga, Vanga and Kalinga are expert in fighting from elephants, the Kambojas, Gandharas are expert in fighting from horse (as cavalrymen)...”'' (Vishnudharmotri Purana, Kh. II, Chapter 118); '' 'deadly like cobras' '' ''tikshnai.rashivishopamah'': Mahabharata 7.112.48-49.;'' 'strikers of fierce force' ''''tigmavega.praharinam''.; '' 'Death-personified' ''''samana.mrityavo''.; '' 'of fearful bearing like Yama' '' (the god of death) ''Kambojah Yama vaishravan.opamah'': MBH 7,23.40-42.; and '' 'war-loving Kambojas' '' ''damshitah krurakarmanah Kamboja yuddhadurmadah'' i.e lip-biting, hardy and war-intoxicated Kambojas: Mahabarata 7.119.26-28; Traditional History of India: A Digest – 1960, p 136, Govinda Krishna Pillai. etc etc. Also see link: SOME KSHATRYA TRIBES OF ANCIENT INDIA, Dr. B. C. LAW : {Link without Title} ANCIENT KAMBOJ ALSO PRACTICED BRAHMANISM ''Chudakarma Samskaara'' of ''Paraskara Grhya-Sutram'' Paraskara Gryya-sutram verse 2.1.2; Commentary: Pt Harihar., ''Vamsa Brahmana'' Vamsa Brahmana verse 1.18-19. of the as well as Mahabharata and some other ancient references profusely attest that a section of the ancient Kambojas also practiced Brahmanism i.e they had adopted the profession of learning and teaching. Thus we see that the ancient Kambojas are known to have been great scholars and teachers. Undoubtedly, they were intimately connected with ancient famous University of Taxila in Gandhara . In Paraskara Gryya-sutram (verse 2.1.2), the Kambojas have been listed at par with the Vasishtha s--the cultural heroes of ancient India. Their social customs are stated to be identical. Rsi Upamanyu , the composer of Rigvedic Hymn (1. 102. 9); and his son/descendent Kamboja Aupamanyava -- a hallowed sage and teacher mentioned in Vamsa Brahmana of the Sama Veda -- are some of the very distinguished ancient philosophers/scholars and teachers born of the Kamboja lineage. Benjamin Walker observes: ''"Kambojas were not only famous for their furs and woolen blankets embroidered with threads of gold, their wonderful horses and their beautiful women, but by Epic period, they had become especially renowned as Vedic teachers and their homeland as a seat of Brahmanical learning" '' ''Hindu World'', '''Vol I''', Benjamin Walker, p. 520.. Dr A. D. Pusalkar observes: ''“The speech of Kambojas is referred to by Yaska as differing from that of other Aryan s and Grierson sees in this reference the Iran ian affinities of the Kambojas, but the fact that the Kambojas teachers were reputed for their Vedic learning shows them to have been Vedic Aryans, so that the Kamboja was an Aryan settlemen”''History & Culture of Indian People, The Vedic Age, Dr A. D. Pusalkar, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr K. D. Munshi, 1952, pp 259-260; cf: Location of Kamboja, Purana, Vol VI No1, Jan 1964 pp 212-213; Problems of Ancient India, 2000, p 224, K. D. Sethna. Viveka Nanda and Lokesh Chander write: "The teachers of Kamboja were known for their Vedic learning. Culturally, Afghanistan then formed part of India...." India's Contribution to World and Culture, 1970, p 216, Veveka Nanda, Lokesh Chandra.. See also : Brahmanism Of Ancient Kambojas . OVERLAP WITH JAT, KSHATRIYA AND BRAHMIN CLAN NAMES The modern Kamboj are said to be divided into two divisions of 52 and 84 clans names (''the actual number is however somewhat higher than these figures''). Dr J. L. Kamboj observes that more than 15 of the Kamboj clan names overlap with that of the Brahmin s and over 80 overlap with other Kshatriya and Rajput clans of northern India. But according to S Kirpal Singh, the respective figures are over 25 overlapping with Brahmins and over 100 overlapping with other Kshatriyas and Rajputs. The Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, p 27, 431. In his well known book ''Glossary of Tribes and Castes of Punjab and North-west Frontier Province'' Based on 1880 census of India, British ethnographer and ethnologist, H. A. Rose, had also observed in early 20th century that there is seen an overlap of the Kamboj clan names with that of the Brahmin s and other Kshatriyas . Rose also admitted that the reason of this overlap was not clear to him Glossary of Tribes and Castes of Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, 1915, Vol II, p 444-445 fns, H. A. Rose. But, today with all the information provided in the articles in Wikipedia about the Kambojas, it would seem clear as to why there is such an overlap. LIST OF KAMBOJ GOTRAS (CLANS) For more expanded list of Kamboj clans visit: {Link without Title} 52 Gotras: Abdal, Ajpal/Ajapal, Angiarey, Asoi, Bahujad, Bage, Ban/Bhaun/ Bhawan, Barar, Batti/Bhatti, Basra, Chak, Chandi, Chandna/Chandne/Chand, Chatrath, Daberah, Dhanju, Dhot/Dhat/Dhudi, Dote, Dulai, Handa/Handey, Jaiya/Jie/Joiye, Jammu, Jaspal/Jakhpal, Jatmal, Josan/Jossan, Jaura/Jaure, Judge/Juj, Kadi or Karhi, Khere, Kosle/Kausle, Karanpal, Kaura/Kaure, Kayar, Khinda/Khinde/Khande, Kirgil, Lori/Laure, Mardak, Mehrok/Mehroke/Mirok/Marok, Momi, Mutti/Moti, Nadha/Nandha/Nandhey, Nagpal, Nagri/Nagra, Nandan, Nibber/Nibher, Padhu/Pandhu, Patanroy/Patanrai, Pran, Ratanpal, Sama/Samey, Sandha/Sandhey, Sandher, Sandheyer/Sandheer, Sawan, Soi/Sohi, Shahi, Suner, Tandne, Tarikha/Trikhe, Thind , Tume, Turne/Turna, Vinayak, Pathan, Unmal 84 Gotras : Aglawe, Ambri/Ambrey, Angotre, Bagwan/Bagyan/Bagban, Bahia, Bala, Bangwaye, Bangar/Bangare, Banjahal/Bhunjal, Banur, Barham, Barhgotey, Bassi/Basi, Bastorh, Beeharh/Beharh, Bhujang, Brahman/Behman, Chamri/Chimre, Chaupal/Chaufal, Cherta/Churta/Churawat, Chhanan/Chhiyanwe, Chhichhoti/Chhichhote/Chhachhate/Chhachha, Chichare/Chachare, Chimne/Chimni/Chimna, Chine/Chini/China, Churiye/Chirwey/Chidey/Charway, Dange, Datane/Dotane/Datana/Dutane, Dehar/Dehal, Dehgal/Duggal, Dhare, Dheel/Dhillan, Dhehte, Dode, Doliyan, Fukni, Gadre or Gadra, Gagre/Gagra, Gande/Gandi, Gandheyor/Gandhare/Gandhi, Gaure/Gore/Rai Gore/Gori, Geelawe, Ghasitey, Gogan/Gugan, Gosiley, Gal/Gayile, Ghangra, Harse, Jade/Jarhe, Jagman, Judge Jande/Jandu, Jangle/Jangli, Jhamb/Jham, Jhand/Jhandu, Kalra/Kalre/Kalar, Kalsia/Kalsi/Kalas, Camari/Kamari/Kamare, Khokhar, Kokar/Kakar/Kakra, Kukri/Kukar, Lahere/Lehri, Lakhi, Lahndey, Late/Lata, Lahange/Lahinga/Lahinde, Lall, Machhliye/Machhle, Magu/Mage, Makore/Makkar, Mall, Momsarang, Sarang, Mandey/Mande, Melle/Meliye/Malle, Multani, Nagambr/Nigambar, Nehriye/Nehre/Ner/Naru/Nehru/Nauhriye, Nepal/Nipal/Naipal, Nuri, Pandey/Pandhey, Padhasi, Rindi, Sainik, Sandle, Sathand, Senpati/Senapati, Sapre Or Sapra/Sawre, Sarnote/Sarkude, Satte, Sauki/Soki, Soni, Suhagi/Suhage, Sunehre, Silahre/Sulahre/Sulare/Sulehre, Sulhiro, Tande, Tagal/Tugal, Taparhiye, Thathai/Thathaiya/Thathe, Thingrey/Thengrey, Topchi ROOTS OF KAMBOJ IN REMOTE ANTIQUITY The ''Siah-posh'' ' (See: Revue d'ethnographie, 225. See link''': {Link without Title} ). See: Mid-Decade World Conference on Women: Bengaladesh Perspective, 1980, (Published in 1981), Women Developement Unit, Bhanudatta Misra, Dimbeswara Sarma.. Kambysene/Cambysene & Kamboja connection? Historians believe that, there was a movement of the Eurasian nomads in s like the Sakas , Tusharas etc had played a very prominent role in the Kurukshetra War where they had fought under the supreme command of Sudakshina Kamboja . According to Dr Chandra Chakravarty, the nomadic invaders who had invaded Iran several centuries prior to and Kambojas of the Sanskrit traditions. According to Dr Chandra Chakravarty, the name Kambysene of the Greeks translates into dynastic line of Persia . This might explain as to why the Achemenians chose to name their famous kings as Kambujia (Cambyses) and Kurush (Cyrus). Dr Chakravarty further states that the Kamboh s of NW Punjab are the modern representatives of these Scythian Kambysene, whom he calls Scythian Kambojas.op cit, pp 37, 149, 165, Dr C. Chakravarty. Dr Chakravarty further writes that a branch of these Scythian Kambysene had also settled in the north-west India giving name to ancient Kamboja (Afghanistan); and yet another branch reached Tibet an Plateau where they mixed with the locals; and some Tibetans are still called Kambojas.op cit, p 165, Dr C. Chakravarty. And through Tibet, they went further to Mekong valley where they were called Kambujas ( Cambodia ns), now represented by the Chams , still a tall, fair, dolichocephelic people with bilided eyes, of the Mon-Khmers.op cit, p 165, Dr C. Chakravarty; Cf also: History of Origin of Some Clans in India, with Special Reference to Jats, 1992, p 153, Mangal Sen Jindal. REFERENCES SOURCE OF KAMBOJ GOTRAS (CLANS)
SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS |
|
|