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Judeo-Christian (or '''Judaeo-Christian''') is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held in common by Judaism and Christianity , and typically considered (sometimes along with Classical Greco-Roman civilization) a fundamental basis for Western legal codes and moral values. In particular, the term refers to the common Old Testament / Tanakh (which is a basis of both moral traditions, including particularly the Ten Commandments ); and implies a common set of values present in the modern Western World. Compare with Ebionites and Judaizers . Historical background Christianity emerged from Judaism in the century after the death of Herod The Great , the century that saw the building and destruction of the Herodian Temple and in which Rabbinical Judaism also developed. Christians took from Judaism scriptures, fundamental doctrines such as Monotheism , the belief in a Messiah (in Christianity, known as Christ (χριστος ''christos'' in Greek), meaning ' Anointed one'), concepts of sacred space and sacred time, and the use of the Psalms in community prayer. Christianity dropped some fundamental Jewish practices, among them the Jewish Covenant on male Circumcision , keeping of the Sabbath , and the keeping of '' Kashrut '' (in general, only general ethics of the Written Torah of Judaism transferred into Christianity; most of the Law and traditions of the Oral Torah did not, but see also Christian View Of The Law ). One of the most significant early Christian preachers, Paul Of Tarsus , himself a Jew and a Roman citizen, made a point of preaching to the Gentile s, contributing to the religion's spread. For a systematic comparison of the two religions see: Judaism And Christianity Etymological background The first-known uses of the terms "Judæo-Christian" and "Judaeo-Christianity", according to the '' in an attempt to create a non-denominational Religious consensus or Civil Religion that, by embracing Judaism, avoided the appearance of Anti-Semitism . The term is now commonly used in Popular Culture as a shorthand for the predominant religious influences upon Western Culture . BASIS OF A COMMON CONCEPT OF THE TWO RELIGIONS Driven out of Eden'', by Gustave Doré (1832-1883), the Judeo-Christian story of the first man and first woman.]] Supporters of the Judaeo-Christian concept point to the Christian claim that Christianity is the heir to Biblical Judaism, and that the whole logic of Christianity as a religion is that it exists (only) as a religion built upon Judaism. In addition, although the order of the books in the Christian Old Testament and the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) is different, the books are the same. The majority of the Old Testament is in fact Jewish scripture, and is used as moral and spiritual teaching material throughout the Christian world. The prophets, patriarchs, and heroes of the Jewish scripture are also known in Christianity, and unlike Islam which uses their identities but changes their actions and lives, Christianity uses the Jewish text as the basis for its understanding of Judaeo-Christian patriarchs, prophets and heroes such as Abraham , Elijah and Moses . As a result a vast chunk of Jewish and Christian teaching is based on the same inspiration. USE OF TERM IN UNITED STATES LAW In the legal case of held that the Supreme Court's holding in the ''Marsh'' case permitting legislative bodies to conduct prayer in the "Chesterfield County could constitutionally exclude Cynthia Simpson, a Wiccan priestess, from leading its legislative prayers, because her faith was not "in the Judeo-Christian tradition." Chesterfield County's Board included Jewish, Christian, and Muslim clergy in its invited list. CRITICISM OF THE TERM The term ''Judeo-Christian'' has been criticized for implying more commonality than actually exists. In ''The Myth of the Judeo-Christian Tradition'', . SEE ALSO
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