Jeong Dojeon Article Index for
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Information About

Jeong Dojeon





Korean Information

  img Chung_DoJeonjpgjpg
  hangul 정도전
  hanja 鄭道傳
  rr Chung Do-jeon
  mr Jung Dojŏn
  hangulja 종지
  hanjaja 宗之
  rrja Jongji
  mrja Jongji
  hangulho 삼봉
  hanjaho 三峰
  rrho Sambong
  mrho Sambong


Chung Dojeon ( 1342 - 1398 ), also known by the pen name '''Sambong''', was the most powerful medieval Korea n noble and politician in the early Joseon dynasty. He was also an influential Neo-Confucian ideologue and was the number one supporter and a close advisor to Taejo(King)Yi Seonggye , who founded the Joseon dynasty.


BACKGROUND AND EARLY CAREER

Chung was born from the noble family in Chungcheongbuk-do Danyanggun, Sambong , in the present-day of South Korea . His family had emerged from commoner status some four generations before, and slowly climbed up the ladder of government service. His father was the first in the family to obtain a high post. However, unfortunately Chung's mother was a slave, which made him very difficult to gain power in his early days. Despite his difficulties, he became a student of Yi Saek and with other leading thinkers of the time such as Jeong Mong-ju , his penetrating intelligents started to effect on Korean politics.


RELATIONSHIP WITH YI SEONGGYE

Chung's ties with Yi Seonggye and the foundation of Joseon, were extremely close. He is said to have compared his relationship to Yi to that between Zhang Liang and Gaozu Of Han . Chung's political ideas had a lasting impact on Joseon Dynasty Politics and laws.

The two first became acquainted in 1383 , when Chung visited Yi at his quarters in Hamgyong province.


INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY

Chung Dojeon was a major opponent of Buddhism at the end of the Goryeo period. He was a student of Zhuxi 's thought. Using Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian Philosophy as the basis of his anti-Buddhist polemic, he criticized Buddhism in a number of treatises as being corrupt in its practices, and nihilistic and antinomian in its doctrines. The most famous of these treatises was the '' Bulssi Japbyeon '' ("Array of Critiques Against Buddhism" ). He was a founding member of the Seonggyungwan , the royal Confucian academy, and one of its early faculty members.

Chung was among the first Korean scholars to refer to his thought as ''silhak'', or "practical learning." However, he is not usually numbered among the members of the Silhak tradition, which arose much later in the Joseon period.


POLITICAL THOUGHT

Chung argued that the government, including the King himself, exists for the sake of the people. Its Legitimacy could only come from benevolent public service. It was largely on this basis that he legitimized the overthrow of the Goryeo dynasty, arguing that the Goryeo rulers had given up their right to rule.

Chung divided society into three classes: a large lower class of agricultural laborers and craftsmen, a middle class of Literati , and a small upper class of Bureaucrat s. Anyone outside this system, including Buddhist monks, Shaman s, and Entertainer s, he considered a "vicious" threat to the social fabric.


REFERENCES

  • Han Yeong-u. (1974). Chung Do-jeon's philosophy of political reform. ''Korea Journal 14''(7-8). Reprinted in Lee et al. (2004), ''Korean philosophy: Its tradition and modern transformation'', pp. 55-74. Seoul: Hollym. ISBN 1-56591-178-4


  • Korean Institute of Philosophical Thought. (1995). ''강좌 한국철학'' (Gangjwa Hanguk Cheolhak, ''Guide to Korean philosophy''), pp. 333-345. Seoul: Yemoon Seowon. ISBN 89-7646-032-4.



SEE ALSO



  NAME Jeong, Do-jeon
  ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chong Tojon, 鄭道傳, 정도전, Sambong, 삼봉, 三峰
  SHORT DESCRIPTION Korean philosopher and politician
  DATE OF BIRTH 1342
  PLACE OF BIRTH Yeongju , Korea
  DATE OF DEATH 1398
  PLACE OF DEATH Seoul (then Hanyang), Korea