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The term originally referred to a network of railway lines operated by Nationalized companies under the control of the Railway Institute. Later, the Railway Ministry and Ministry of Transportation and Communications took over control of JNR. During World War II , many JNR lines were dismantled to supply steel for the war effort. In 1949 , JNR was reorganized into a state-owned company by a directive of the U.S. General HQ in Tokyo . The new JNR enjoyed many successes, including the 1964 inauguration of high-speed Shinkansen service. However, the network's rapid expansion also pulled it further and further into debt as it took out huge loans to fund new capital projects. By 1987 , JNR's debt was over ¥25 trillion ($200 billion). That year, the network was Privatized by an act of the Diet Of Japan , and divided into several companies collectively called the Japan Railway (JR) Group. Contemporary offspring of JNR include the East Japan Railway Company , West Japan Railway Company , and Central Japan Railway Company . TIMELINE See Also: History of rail transport in Japan
HISTORICAL OPERATORS OF JNR Before the establishment of the Japanese National Railways as a public corporation on June 1, 1949, the national railways were operated by the governmental agencies. The table below shows the historical operators of the JNR. Translated names of ministries may not be official. Names of the operating department generally mean "department (or office, section, agency) of railways" or like. ACCIDENTS JNR as a public corporation (from 1949 to 1987) experienced five major accidents (including two shipwreaks of railway ferries) with casualties more than 100: ; Sakuragichō train fire: A train fire at Sakuragichō Station in Yokohama on April 24 , 1951 killed 106. ; '' killing 1,155 in a Typhoon storm on September 26 , 1954 . ; ''Shiun Maru'' disaster: An Ukō ferryboat collided with a fellow boat in a dense fog and sank killing 166 on May 11 , 1955 . ; Mikawashima rail crash: A three-train collision near Mikawashima Station in Tokyo on May 3 , 1962 killed 160. ; in Yokohama on November 9 , 1963 killed 161. REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINK |
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