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in 1989-2002 colour scheme]] (), or JAL, is the national airline of Japan.It is the largest , Japan and is Japan's largest airline, operating scheduled and non-scheduled international and domestic services. Its main bases are Tokyo International Airport and Narita International Airport , Tokyo. It has 17,925 employees (as of March 2007 ).1 Two companies operated under the JAL brand: and . Japan Airlines Domestic had primary responsibility for JAL's large network of intra-Japan flights, while JAL International operated both international and trunk domestic flights. On October 1 , 2006 , Japan Airlines International and Japan Airlines Domestic merged into a single brand, Japan Airlines International. JAL Corporation also owns seven smaller airlines which feed or supplement Mainline JAL flights:
JAL has the largest fleet of routes to Buenos Aires , Air China routes to São Paulo , and JAL routes to Mexico City and São Paulo . Japan Airlines is also accredited by IATA's Operational Safety Audit for its safety practices. IATA website - IATA Operational Safety Audit HISTORY Regulated era Japan Air Lines Co., Ltd. was established in August 1951 , with the government of Japan recognizing the need for a reliable air transportation system to help Japan grow in the aftermath of World War II . On October 25 , using three Northwest Airlines Martin 2-0-2 aircraft, and Northwest crews, Japan Air Lines began serving several domestic cities from Tokyo. Japan Airlines website - History On August 1 , 1953 , the Diet Of Japan passed the , forming a new state-owned Japan Air Lines, which assumed all assets and liabilities of its private predecessor on October 1. Its first aircraft, a DC-3 named "Kinsei", was leased from Philippine Airlines . Japan Airlines, in addition to the 2-0-2's, used Douglas DC-3 , Douglas DC-4 , Douglas DC-6 and Douglas DC-7 during the 1950s . On February 2 , 1954 , Japan Airlines began its first international service, flying from Tokyo to San Francisco . This flight, operating on a DC-6 B, made stops at Wake Island and Honolulu before arriving in San Francisco, A one-way ticket for the twice-weekly flight cost $650. To this day, San Francisco to Tokyo is Japan Airlines flight number 001. In 1960 , Japan Airlines bought their first jet, a Douglas DC-8 . Soon after, they decided to re-equip their airline, using jet aircraft only. That decade, many new international destinations were established. Under the , the so-called "aviation constitution" enacted by the Japanese government in 1972 , JAL was granted Flag Carrier status to operate international routes, and was also designated to operate domestic trunk routes in competition with All Nippon Airways . During this era, JAL bought the Boeing 747 , the Boeing 727 and the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 to accommodate their growing list of routes within Japan and to other countries. In the 1980 s Japan Airlines performed special flights for the Crown Prince of Japan and the Princess, Pope John Paul II , and for Japanese prime ministers. During that decade they also began to be more promotionally aware, with Plane Models and other Promotional Item s being produced in quantity. It also bought new Boeing 767 jets and retired the DC-8s and 727s. Deregulated era Japan began considering airline deregulation in the late 1970s, with the government announcing the abandoning of the 45/47 system in 1985. In 1987 , Japan Airlines was completely privatised, and the other two airlines in Japan, All Nippon Airways and Japan Air System , were permitted to freely compete with JAL on domestic and international routes. Japan Airlines began the 1990s with flights to help evacuate Japanese citizens from Iraq before the start of the Gulf War . In 1992 , Japan Air Charter was established, and in 1997 an agreement with The Walt Disney Company was announced, making Japan Airlines the official airline of Tokyo Disneyland . That year also JAL Express had been established, with Boeing 737 aircraft. Also in 1997 the airline flew the Japanese prime minister to Peru to help negotiate in the Tupac Amaru kidnapping case. Japan Airlines acquired Boeing 777 s during that decade. In 2001 Japan Air System and Japan Airlines agreed to merge. On October 2 , 2002 they established a new holding company called , forming a new core of the JAL Group. Aircraft liveries were changed to match the design of the new JAL Group. At that time the merged group of airlines was the sixth largest in the world by passengers carried, and the third largest measured by revenue. On April 1 , 2004 , JAL changed its name to Japan Airlines International and JAS changed its name to '''Japan Airlines Domestic'''. JAS flight codes were changed to JAL flight codes, JAS check-in desks were refitted in JAL livery and JAS aircraft were gradually repainted. On June 26 , 2004, the parent company Japan Airlines System was renamed to '''Japan Airlines Corporation'''. JAL applied to join the Airline Alliance Oneworld on October 25 , 2005 . JAL codeshares with other Oneworld airlines, including American Airlines , British Airways , Cathay Pacific , Iberia , and Qantas . Also, Oneworld's LAN is one of the partners of JAL's frequent flyer programme, JAL Mileage Bank. The airline joined Oneworld on April 1 2007 . JALUX Inc., established 1962, is JAL's catering company which does a variety of work for the company including the "De sky" line of snack foods, supplying JAL's 'Blue Sky' restaurants and 'JAL-DFS' shops, Aircraft Fuel components, cabin services and In-flight duty-free. JALUX merged with JAS Trading on January 2004 to unify support operations for the JAL group. DESTINATIONS Charters for 2007 This year JAL will be operating charter flights to
FLEET The Japan Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft as August 2007 : {Link without Title} The Airbus and Boeing Customer Codes for Japan Airlines are x46 for JAL International (pre-merger JAL aircraft) and x'''89''' for JAL Domestic (former JAS aircraft);
In the future, Japan Airlines is looking forward to the possibility of ordering 747-8 aircraft. The average age of Japan Airlines fleet is 12.1 years, as of April 2006. Japan Airlines Fleet Age Previously operated
SERVICES In-flight entertainment The JAL and JAA onboard entertainment system is called ''MAGIC''. The system is updated by JAL Entertainment Network (JEN) and features credit card phone, movies, destination guides with instructions on how to fill out immigration cards, active aircraft stats, games, and more. There are three generations of the MAGIC system: MAGIC-I, MAGIC-II, and MAGIC-III. The latest MAGIC-III system which is installed in Boeing 767 and Boeing 777 aircraft (also available on select Boeing 747-400 aircraft), provides Audio/Video On Demand (AVOD) entertainment to all passengers. Aircraft with MAGIC-I and MAGIC-II have movies that automatically start when the AVOD system is turned on -- once the aircraft reaches cruise level -- and economy class passengers can tune in to watch the movie in progress. All movies restart upon completion. Executive (Business) and First class passengers have full AVOD control. MAGIC systems have JAL's duty-free shopping catalogue, including flight crew recommendations and a video of specials available on the flight. When the aircraft is in the pushback, taxi, takeoff, ascent, descent, stacking, landing, taxi, and docking phases of flight, all TV's in the cabin automatically tune into the video camera outside the aircraft to provide "Pilot Vision" to the passengers. This feature is common on many Japanese airlines. In June 2006, JAL announced a promotion featuring the Nintendo DS Lite . Between June 1 and August 31, all Executive and First Class passengers would be offered use of Nintendo DS Lites specially manufactured for air travel (the wireless capabilities of these units were removed in order to conform with airline safety standards). {Link without Title} The JAL Group has its own inflight magazine called Skyward, reflecting the company motto of "Dream Skyward." Before merger with JAS (the current JAL Domestic), JAL's inflight magazine was called Winds. All of the JAL Group magazines are provided by JALUX. Japan Airlines continues to find ways to improve their In-Flight Entertainment systems, including on-plane cameras on the wings, the belly, on the tail, etcetera, and also home-theater capability on overseas flights. They are also working on adding more benefits such as Satellite Radio capabilities, etcetera. Affinity program JAL Mileage Bank is the Frequent Flyer Programme of Japan Airlines and its subsidiaries. The programme is the largest in Japan. Aside from JAL's Oneworld partners, members can earn miles on the following carriers:
The FLY ON Programme is the programme's elite system. JMB members can earn "FLY ON Points(FOP)" (elite qualifying miles, EQM) and elite qualifying segments (EQS) on JAL Group and other Oneworld flights. However, a minimum of 4 flights per year must be on JAL Group carriers. Status levels are as follows:
:30,000 or more FOP, or 10,000 or more FOP and 30 or more EQS
:50,000 or more FOP, or 15,000 or more FOP and 50 or more EQS
:70,000 or more FOP, or 80 or more EQS (only qualified to JAL Global Club (JGC) members)
:100,000 or more FOP, or 120 or more EQS
Freight and Airmail JALCARGO is the brand of Japan Airline group's freight service. JAL is a member of the WOW Alliance on cargo. In the fiscal year ended on 31 March 2006 http://www.jal.com/ja/ir/finance/factbook/2006_03.xls, domestically it carried 338,443 paid Tonne-kilometre s (tkm) of freight and 85,519 tkm of airmail. Internationally it carried 4,541,293 paid tkm of freight and 161,690 tkm of airmail. INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS
LIVERY The JAL livery is called the "Arc of the Sun." The livery features the motif of a rising sun on a creamy parchment colored background. JAL is a strong supporter of UNICEF and expresses its support by having a "We Support UNICEF" logo on each of the airline's aircraft. |
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