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capital
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2655longd=7552
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Rajasthan
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Jaipur District
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Mayor
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Ashok Parnami
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431
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2005
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2324319
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8
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2004
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0141
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3020 xx
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RJ-14
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INJAI
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(
State ,
India . Jaipur is also the
Capital of
Jaipur District . Jaipur is the former capital of the
Princely State of
Jaipur . Founded in
1727 by
Maharaja Sawai
Jai Singh II , the ruler of
Amber , Jaipur was the first planned city in India. By
2003 , after only 276 years, the population had reached approximately 2.7 million.
Built of pink stucco in imitation of sandstone, the city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six quarters separated by broad streets 111 ft (34 m) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex (the
Hawa Mahal , or palace of winds), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. Another noteworthy building is Sawai Jai Singh's observatory,
Jantar Mantar . With its rich and colourful past, resplendent with tales of valour and bravery, Jaipur is now one of the most important heritage cities in
India , and is a must-see for
Tourist s coming to India.
Jaipur is considered by many
Urbanist s to be one of the best planned cities. Almost all Northern Indian towns of that period presented a chaotic picture of narrow twisting lanes, a confusion of run-down
Fort s/
Temple s/
Palace s and temporary shacks that bore no resemblance at all to the principles set out in
Hindu Architectural Manual s, which calls for strict
Geometric planning. Thus, for Sawai
Jai Singh II and the
Bengali Guru Vidyadhar (who was a 'Shaspati' - Hindu Priest Architect), the founding of Jaipur was also a
Ritual and a golden opportunity to plan a whole town according to the principles of Hindu
Architectural Theory . The town of Jaipur is in fact, built in the form of a nine-part
Mandala known as the 'Pithapada'. Nine signifies the nine planets of the
Ancient Astrological Zodiac . It is also known that Sawai
Jai Singh II was a great
Astronomer and a town planner and hence the 'Pithapada'. Also, the
Commercial Shop s designed are multiples of nine(27) and then having one cross
Street for a
Planet .
In the
19th Century the city grew rapidly and became prosperous; by
1900 it had a population of 160,000. The city's wide
Boulevard s were paved and lit with
Gas . The city had several
Hospital s. Its chief
Industries were in
Metal s and
Marble , fostered by a
School of
Art founded in
1868 . The city also had three
College s, including a
Sanskrit College (1865) and a girls' school (1867) initiated under the reign of the enigmatic Maharaja Sawai
Ram Singh II . There was also a wealthy and enterprising
Community of native
Banker s, particularly the
Jain s and the
Marwari s. The city has a vibrant and healthy
Muslim Population .
, which existed from the twelfth century until
Indian Independence in
1947 , took its name from the city. It had a total area of 15,579 square miles (40,349 km&
2) in 1900. The maharajas of Jaipur belonged to the
Kachwaha clan of
Rajput s, claiming descent from
Rama , king of
Ayodhya .
The state is said to have been founded in the eleventh century or 1097 by Dūlaha Rāya, who hailed from
Gwalior ; he and his
Kachwaha kinsmen are said to have absorbed or driven out the local
Meenas and Bargujar Rajput chiefs. The Meenas became a key ally of the Kachwahas. Their original capital in the
Dhundhar region was
Dausa , then Jamwa Ramgarh then
Amber before the shift to Jaipur.
The ruling dynasty of Jaipur provided the
Mughal Empire with some of their most distinguished generals. Among them were
Raja Man Singh I, who fought and governed from
Kabul to
Orissa and
Assam ;
Jai Singh I , commonly known by his imperial title of Mirza Raja, whose name appears in all the wars of
Shah Jahan and
Aurangzeb ; and
Jai Singh II , or Sawai Jai Singh, the famous mathematician and astronomer, and the founder of Jaipur city. "Sawai" was a title bestowed upon him by Aurangzeb which meant "one and a quarter times superior to his contemporaries".
Throughout the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, the armies of Jaipur were constantly at war. Towards the end of the 18th century, the
Jats of
Bharatpur and the chief of
Alwar (also a Kachwaha) declared themselves independent from Jaipur and each annexed the eastern portion of Jaipur's territory. This period of Jaipur's history is characterized by internal power-struggles and constant military conflicts with the
Marathas ,
Jats , other Rajput states, as well as the British and the
Pindaris (Jaipur's former mercenary allies). Nevertheless, enough wealth remained in Jaipur for the patronage of fine temples/palaces, continuity of its courtly traditions and the well-being of its citizens and merchant communities.
A treaty was initially made by Maharaja Sawai Jagat Singh and the
British under Governor General Marquis Wellesley in 1803. However, the treaty was dissolved shortly afterwards by Wellesley's successor,
Cornwallis . At this, Jaipur's ambassador to
Lord Lake observed that "This was the first time since the English government was established in India that it had been known to make its faith subservient to its convenience". Later, in 1818, that the Jaipur state entered into subsidiary alliance with the British. In 1835 there was a serious disturbance in the city, after which the British government intervened. The state later became well-governed and prosperous. During the
Revolt Of 1857 when the British invoked the treaty to request assistance in the suppression of rebellious
Sepoys ,the Maharaja opted to preserve his treaty, and thus sent troops to subdue the uprisings in the area around
Gurgaon and the out-skirts of
Delhi . The Jaipur forces also secured and kept open the strategic
Agra -
Ajmer highway.
Europeans fleeing from the menace of the mutineers were sheltered in
Nahargarh Fort .
Maharaja
Sawai Man Singh II (1922-1949) acceded the state of Jaipur to the Government of
India in 1948, shortly after India's independence. Jaipur then became the capital of Rajasthan.
The marriage of Jaipur daughter to the
Chauhan prince of
Devgadh Baria is recorded as one of the most expensive in the world and even
Henri Cartier-Bresson the famous photographer has recorded it.
is the prime example of Rajput architecture.]]
Generally liberal policies of the rulers permitted seat of the
Bhattaraka s of
Mula Sangh Saraswati Gachchha moved from Champawati to Sanganer and then to Amber and finally to Jaipur where the last Bhattarka was present until 1965. The lineage is
Narendrakirti (
Samvat 1691, Sanganer) -
Surendrakirti (
Samvat 1722, Amber) -
Jagatkirti -
Devendrakirti -
Mahendrakirti -
Kshemendrakirti (
Samvat 1815, Jaipur) -
Surendrakirti -
Sukhendrakirti -
Nayankirti -
Devendrakirti -
Mahendrakirti - Varni, Jinendra, Jainendra Siddhanta Kosa, in 4 volumes. New Delhi, 1970-1973
Chandrakirti.
Jaipur is located at .
Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Jaipur It has an average elevation of 432
Metre s (1417
Feet ).
The district is situated in the eastern part of Rajasthan. It is bound in the north by Sikar and Alwar, in South by
Tonk ,
Ajmer and Sawai Madhopur. Nagaur, Sikar and Ajmer in the west and in east by Bharatpur and Dausa districts.
- Delhi-265 km
- Ahmedabad-625 km
- Chandigarh-510 km
- Mumbai-1,176 km
- Calcutta-1,472 km
- Agra-246 km
The climate of the district is dry and healthy and is subject to extremities of cold and heat during winter and summer respectively, due to proximity to the
Thar Desert . The minimum and maximum temperatures recorded in the district varies from 3 to 49 degrees Celsius. Normal annual rainfall is 556 mm.
Modern infrastructural facilities are currently fast developing, and in many cases surpass those of larger cities like Delhi and Calcutta. It is expanding very quickly and has become a hot spot for development in Rajasthan. Jaipur has an airport but is currently not equipped to handle heavy traffic including traffic from international locations (although flights to some international destinations are available).
Jaipur district receives hydroelectric power from the
Chambal Hydel system. 100% of the total of 2,131 villages in the district receive electricity as of March 2000.
The major rivers passing through the Jaipur district are
Banas and
Banganga . Ground water resources to the extent of about 28.65 million cubic meter are available in the district. Although serious drought is rare, poor water management and exploitation of groundwater with extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in some areas.
Jaipur city is the capital of the state and is centrally located. The National Highway No.8 links
Delhi to
Ahmedabad and No.11, linking
Bikaner to
Agra passes through Jaipur district to a total length of 366 km. The total length of different types of roads in the district was about 4,102 km as of March 2000.
Jaipur is very well connected by rail with all major cities and town in India. Jaipur is connected on the
Broad-gauge and
Meter Gauge network of the
Indian Railways . Jaipur has direct trains on the
Broad Gauge network to cities like
Agra ,
Delhi ,
Mumbai ,
Howrah ,
Chennai ,
Mysore ,
Bangalore ,
Lucknow ,
Kanpur etc. across the country and to cities like
Ajmer ,
Sawai Madhopur ,
Kota ,
Jodhpur ,
Bikaner ,
Udaipur within
Rajasthan .
Jaipur is connected with
Metre Gauge rail route with
Sri Ganganagar , and
Sirohi .
Jaipur is also connected with major centres of neighbouring states such as
Agra (
Uttar Pradesh ),
Ahmedabad (
Gujarat ) and
Delhi through the
Broad Gauge network.
Jaipur's
Jaipur Airport is situated in its satellite town of Sanganer and offers sporadic service to
London ,
Dublin ,
Singapore and
Dubai . Jaipur also has well connected domestic air links with
Jodhpur ,
Udaipur ,
Aurangabad ,
Delhi ,
Hyderabad ,
Kolkata ,
Goa ,
Chennai ,
Ahmedabad ,
Bangalore ,
Mumbai and
Raipur , .
- Post offices 599
- Telegraph offices 143
- Telecom centres 9
- PCOs 859
- Telephone exchanges 150
attracts thousands of tourists every year.]]
- '' Nahargarh Fort ''
- ''Amber Palace'' The Amber Palace complex overlooking the artificial lake south of the town of Amber is one of the most popular tourist sites in the city, famous for its mixture of Hindu and Muslim architecture, and offering elephant rides from the town up to the palace courtyard. Although the structure is today known as Amber Fort , the complex was initially a Palace Complex within the Fort of Amber which is today known as Jaigarh fort.
- '' Jaigarh Fort '' The Jaigarh Fort on the hills above the Amber Palace complex offers stunning views of the foothills of the Aravalli range, as well as attractions such as immense underground water-storage tanks, a medieval canon foundry and an impressive collection of medieval cannons including the Jaivana which is reputed to be the world's largest cannon on wheels. Historically this was the original Amber Fort, although it became known as Jaigarh from the time of Sawai Jai Singh II onwards.
- ''Jal Mahal'' is located in Jaipur India, which is the capital of the State of Rajasthan . It is on the way to Sisodia garden. The Rajput style "Water Palace" sits in the center of the Man Sarobar lake. The lake is often dry in the summer but winter Monsoon s frequently turn it into a beautiful lake filled with Water Hyacinth s.Bradnok, Robert, ''Footprint India Handbook,'' p. 325. Bath, England: Footprint Handbooks. (2002) ISBN 1-903471-38-9.
- Jantar Mantar
- Hawa Mahal
- Galtaji
- Govind Dev Ji Temple
- City Palace Museum
- Ganesh Temple
- Kanak Ghati
- Albert Museum in Ramniwas Bagh
- Jawahar Circle
- Central Park
- Birla Temple
University Of Rajasthan (Maharaja College and Maharani College),
45 Colleges, 2 Agricultural colleges,
Gyanvihar universe,
The LNM Institute Of Information Technology 5 higher technical college, 40 Engineering colleges, including the
National Institute Of Technology ,Management Institutes
A Podar Institute Of Management,International Institute of Informatics and Management , 2 Polytechnical colleges (Khaitan Polytechnic), 1 Medical college, 4 hotel management colleges, 554 Secondary & higher secondary schools, 1,460 Higher primary schools, 2,905 Primary schools, 6 ITIs, 2 Agricultural research centre and International Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship.Vocational courses like M.D.P.(mind development program)and E.D.P.(entrepreneurship development program)by Efficient education foundation
Adarsh Vidya Mandir run by Vidya Bharati,
Jaipur School , St. Edmund's School Jawahar Nagar, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan's Vidyashram, Maheshwari Public School,St. Angela's Sophia School, St. Xavier School, MGD Girl's School, SMS Vidhyalaya, St. Edmund's School, Gyanvihar, St. Anselm's School, Seedling School Subodh Public school, Tagore Public School and Emmanuel Mission School are some of the major schools.
No. of large and medium scale running units: 48
No. of small scale units: 19,544
No. of industrial areas: 19
Bagru, Bassi, Bais Godam, Bindyaka, Dudu, Hirawala, Jetpura, Jhotwara, Kaladera, Kanakpura, Kartarpura, Malviya Nagar, Phulera, Renwal, Sanganeer, Shahpura, Sitapura, Sudarshanpur and Vishwakarma.
Jaipur district is a centre for both the modern and traditional industries. The main industrial products include: acetylene gas,
ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) cable,
All-purpose Flour (maida),
Atta Flour , ball bearings, bottling of
LPG ,
Ceramics ,
Pottery , cold roll strips, corrugated boxes, deoiled cakes, durries, dyeing and printing,
Edible Oil , electronic items,
Engraving on
Brass items, ferrous and non-ferrous castings, gems and jewelry, general engineering and manufacturing,
Granite slabs and tiles, hand-made
Paper , handicraft items,
Halogen automobile
Headlamps , "hawai"
Chappal s (sandals), household electrical appliances, HT steel strips, iodized
Salt , lamps, laminated springs for railways,
Marble statues, marble tiles & slabs, moulded
Plastic components for electronics,
Nitrochlorobenzene ,
Oxygen gas,
Perfume s,
Pigment colours, plastic containers, P.P. multifilament yarn,
PVC cables, PVC doors, PVC footwear, canvas shoes,
Portland Cement , readymade garments (clothing), re-roller products,
Semolina (suji),
Steel Furniture , steel ingots, stone grits,
Synthetic Leather , suits & shirts made of synthetic materials, tablets and capsules, two way radio and line, washing
Soap ,
Wheat , woolen carpet, refined
Vegetable Oil and vanaspati
Ghee .
Brass and lacquer work, enamel work, gems and jewelery, granite tiles, handloom, marble statues, printed cloth and textiles, readymade garments, woolen and silk carpets.
As Of 2001 India
Census , Jaipur had a population of 2,324,319. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. In Jaipur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Jaipur has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 64.7%.
Male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 59%.
