Information AboutIsaiah |
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Isaiah ( ; ") is the main figure in the Biblical Book Of Isaiah , and is commonly considered to be its author. BIOGRAPHY Isaiah was born in the 8th century , 'To speed the spoil he hasteneth thy prey' (8:1-4). He exercised the functions of his office during the reigns of . Uzziah reigned fifty-two years in the middle of the 8th Century BCE , and Isaiah must have begun his career a few years before Uzziah's death, probably in the 740s BCE . He lived till the fourteenth year of Hezekiah, and in all likelihood outlived that monarch (who died 698 BCE ), and may have been contemporary for some years with Manasseh . Thus Isaiah may have prophesied for the long period of at least sixty-four years. In early youth Isaiah must have been moved by the invasion of 5:26). Soon after this ( 701 BCE ) led a powerful army into Judah. Hezekiah was reduced to despair, and submitted to the Assyrians (2 Kings 18:14-16). But after a brief interval war broke out again, and again Sennacherib led an army into Judah, one detachment of which threatened Jerusalem (Isa. 36:2-22; 37:8). Isaiah on that occasion encouraged Hezekiah to resist the Assyrians (37:1-7), whereupon Sennacherib sent a threatening letter to Hezekiah, which he "spread before the Lord" (37:14). 21 Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: "This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Because you have prayed to me concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria, 22 this is the word the LORD has spoken against him: "The Virgin Daughter of Zion despises and mocks you. The Daughter of Jerusalem tosses her head as you flee. 23 Who is it you have insulted and blasphemed? Against whom have you raised your voice and lifted your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel! According to the account in Kings (and its derivative account in Chronicles) the judgement of God now fell on the Assyrian army. "Like Xerxes in Greece, Sennacherib never recovered from the shock of the disaster in Judah. He made no more expeditions against either southern Palestine or Egypt." The remaining years of Hezekiah's reign were peaceful (2 Chr. 32:23, 27-29). Isaiah probably lived to its close, and possibly into the reign of Manasseh, but the time and manner of his death are not specified in either the ), which states that some prophets were "sawn in two". It is also mentioned in the book of The Martyrdom of Isaiah that he lived into the days of Manasseh, and was also sawn in half with a wooden saw. CRITICAL SCHOLARSHIP ).]] The break between the first part of Isaiah (Is. 1-39) versus the latter half of the book (Is. 40-66) caught the eye of eighteenth century critical scholars Doderlein (1789) and Eichhorn (1783), who advocated a source-critical reading of the book, seeing chapters 40-66 as later, post-exilic additions, or even totally separate works artificially appended to the earlier composition. The term " Deutero-Isaiah " described the anonymous later writer, to whom some ascribed some redactionary roles as well. Some more recent commentators have further divided 40-66 by adding a third Isaiah, Trito-Isaiah, who wrote 56-66. The provenance of the text in the latter half of the book seemed to support a post-exilic timeframe, with direct references to Cyrus, King of Persia (44:28; 45:1, 13), a lament for the ruined temple, and other details. Also, the tone of the two halves is different; the first seems to warn erring Judah of impending divine judgement through foreign conquest, while the second seems to provide comfort to a broken people. Other scholars, such as Margalioth (1964) challenged the view of multiple authorship by pointing out the remarkable unity of the book Isaiah in terms of theme, message, and vocabulary. Even certain verbal formulas unique to Isaiah, such as "the mouth of the Lord has spoken," appears in both halves of Isaiah but in no other Hebrew prophetic literature. While clear differences between the two halves of the book were evident, thematically the two halves are remarkably similar, certainly more similar to each other than to any other existing prophetic literature. Since the late 20th century, trends in critical scholarship have focused on synchronic approaches, which advocate a whole-text reading, rather than the traditional historical-critical diachronic approaches, which tend to be directed at taking the text apart, looking for sources, redactional seams, etc. Inspired by Hebrew Bible literary criticism done by Robert Alter , scholars have since tended to circumscribe authorship and historical-critical questions and look at the final form of the book as a literary whole, a product of the post-exilic era which is characterized by literary and thematic unity. ISAIAH IN RABBINIC LITERATURE See Also: Isaiah in Rabbinic Literature According to the Rabbinic literature, Isaiah was a descendant of Judah and Tamar ( Sotah 10b). His father was a prophet and the brother of King Amaziah ( Talmud tractate Megillah 15a). {Link without Title} ISAIAH IN CHRISTIANITY See Also: Claimed Messianic prophecies of Jesus There are a number of prophecies in Isaiah which are viewed by Christians as being fulfilled by Jesus . Isaiah is commemorated as a prophet in the Calendar Of Saints of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod on July 6. On the Eastern Orthodox calendar, his feast day is May 9. REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS
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