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Ibid




For the short story by H.P. Lovecraft, see Ibid (short Story) .

For Wikipedia references, please do not use "ibid" or similar shorthand. See for help citing a footnote more than once on Wikipedia.


Ibid. ( Latin , short for ''ibidem'', "the same place") is the term used to provide an Endnote or Footnote Citation or Reference for a Source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. It is similar in meaning to '''idem''' (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same, .thefreedictionary.com : idem) abbreviated "Id.," which is commonly used in legal citation.

To find the ''ibid.'' source, one has to look at the reference right before it, and so ''ibid.'' serves a similar purpose to ditto marks (〃).


EXAMPLE

  • 4. E. Vijh, ''Latin for dummies'' (New York: Academic, 1997), 23.

  • 5. Ibid.

  • 6. Id. at 29.


The reference in no. 5 is the same as in no. 4 (E. Vijh, "Latin for dummies" on page 23), whereas the reference in no. 6 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29.


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