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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the '''IUCN Red List''' or '''Red Data List'''), created in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global Conservation status of plant and animal Species . The International Union For The Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN) is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species.Nature '''389''', 436 (2 October 1997) {Link without Title} The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the Extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. The aim is to convey the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy makers, as well as help the international community to try to reduce species extinction. Major species assessors include BirdLife International , the World Conservation Monitoring Centre , and many Specialist Groups within the IUCN's Species Survival Commission (SSC). Collectively, assessments by these organizations and groups account for nearly half the species on the Red List. IUCN Red List is widely considered to be the most objective and authoritative system for classifying species in terms of the risk of extinction1 The IUCN aims to have the category of every species re-evaluated every five years if possible, or at least every ten years. This is done in a Peer Review ed manner through IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Specialist Groups, which are Red List Authorities responsible for a species, group of species or specific geographic area, or in the case of BirdLife International , an entire class ( Aves ).2 There are over 7000 extant species in the 2006 Red List which have not had their category evaluated since 1996. 2006 RELEASE The latest update is the 2006 Red List, released on 4 May , 2006 . It evaluates 40,168 species as a whole, plus an additional 2,160 Subspecies , Varieties , aquatic Stocks , and Subpopulation s. From the species evaluated as a whole, 16,118 are considered Threatened . Of these, 7,725 are Animal s, 8,390 are Plant s, and three are Lichen and Mushroom s. This release lists 784 species extinctions recorded since 1500 CE , unchanged from the 2004 release. This is an increase of 18 from the 766 listed as of 2000 . Each year a small number of "extinct" species are either rediscovered, becoming Lazarus Species , or are reclassified as "data deficient". In 2002 , the extinction list dropped to 759 species, but has been rising ever since. CATEGORIES Species are classified in nine groups, set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation.
When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term " Threatened " is a grouping of three categories: Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable. 1994 categories and criteria The older 1994 has only a single "Lower Risk" category which contained three subcategories:
In the 2001 system, Near Threatened and Least Concern have now become their own categories, while Conservation Dependent is no longer used and has been merged into Near Threatened. Possibly Extinct The additional category of ''Possibly Extinct'' (PE)3 is used by Birdlife International , the Red List Authority for birds for the IUCN Red List4. Birdlife International has recommended PE become an official category. BirdLife International has not stated whether a "Possibly Extinct in the Wild" category should also be added, although it is mentioned that Spix's Macaw has this status. "Possibly Extinct" can be considered a subcategory of "Critically Endangered". SEE ALSO
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